Objective: Gamma irradiation is an effective technique can be used to reduce contaminants in herbal products. Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth belongs to Piperaceae family has some biological activity, such as antioxidant and ACE inhibitor. The aimed of this research was to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on microbiological, phytochemical content, antioxidant and ACE inhibition activity. Methods: Sample was irradiated at a various dose of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 kGy. Microbiological was determined as total aerobic plate count (TAPC), and total yeast and mold (TYC), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant and ACE inhibition activity were investigated by various in vitro colorimetric methods. Results: Irradiation dose of 10 kGy reduced TAPC and TYC. Irradiation dose of 10 kGy slightly increased TPC, antioxidant, and ACE inhibition activity (p<0.05) but reduced TFC significantly (p<0,05) and caused degradation of flavonoids in this plant. Correlation analysis showed that phenolic compounds have a role as antioxidant and ACE inhibitor. Conclusion: gamma irradiation was found to be sufficient to ensure microbiological safety, increase TPC, the antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity but caused degradation of flavonoids on Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 was synthesized for heterogeneous catalyst. The boron trifluoride modified mesoporous silica BF3/MCM-41 was studied to investigate its ability as supporting agent in heterogeneous catalysis system. For this purpose, the structural directing agent remaining in as-synthesis MCM-41 removed by solvent extraction. Surface modification of mesoporous silica MCM-41 with aniline and boron trifluoride was carried out. Then, the surface of boron trifluoride modified mesoporous silica was subjected to an encapsulation with Ni(II) ions. These solid materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). In the FTIR spectra of the modified silica mesoporous, the presence of vibration band >Si-O-B confirm the success of modification of support. While, the shifting of the vibration band >Si-O-Si< is considered an indication of the proof of Ni(II) species onto the modified mesoporous silica. From the SEM photograph, it can be seen that the morphology of the Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 tend to form aggregates of smaller particles. Based on measurement of metal content by AAS, it was known that the value of metal loading is 33%. While for the leaching test, Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 lost only 0.014 % of Ni metal. It indicates the stability of the interaction between the N(II) and support of the modified mesoporous silica.
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