Banten Bay is categorized as a marine area that is busy with marine tourism activities, settlements and also industries. One potential impact of the condition is the occurrence of pollution from both industrial and domestic sources, erosion and sedimentation in the coastal environment. Samples were collected from 25 representative stations in April 2016. Chemical speciation of three heavy metals (Cu, Ni, and Zn) was studied using a modified sequential extraction procedure proposed by the European Standard, Measurements and Testing (SM&T) program, formerly the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). The aims of this study are to determine geochemical speciation of 4 bounds of metal: acid-soluble, reducible, oxidizable and residual, and to assess their impacts in the sediments of Banten Bay, Indonesia. The result shows that the percentage of Copper (45.90-83.75%), Nickel (18.28-65.66%), and Zinc (30.45-79.51%) were mostly accumulated in residual fraction of the total concentrations. The Risk Assessment Code (RAC) reveals that about 0-7.07% of Copper and 1.11-24.35 % of Zinc at sites exist in exchangeable fraction and therefore, they are in low risk category. While 7.34-34.90 of Ni at sites exists in exchangeable fraction and therefore, it is in medium risk category to aquatic environment.
Heavy metals, hazardous chemical substances, increase in marine environment due to anthropogenic discharges. However, due to the hydrodynamic of the marine system these metals could vary both temporal and spatial distribution of metals in Jakarta Bay. This study was to reveal the temporal and spatial distribution of metals in sediment over the bay and to assess the environmental condition. Sediment samples were collected in11 stations of March (transitional season) and June(dry season)2013. The result showed that the concentration of heavy metals varied spatially, in which elevated concentration occurred adjacent terrestrial indicating the enrichment of metal-anthropogenic source, but insignificant temporarily.Keywords: heavy metals, spatial distribution, temporal distribution, anthropogenic activities, Jakarta Bay. Logam berat merupakan bahan berbahaya yang tersebar di lingkungan laut karena pengaruh aktifitas antropogenik. Akan tetapi, logam berat ini dapat terdistribusi secara temporal ataupun spasial di Teluk Jakarta akibat sistem hidrodinamika laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial dan temporal logam berat dalam sedimen dan untuk menilai kondisi lingkungan teluk. Sedimen diambil dari 11 stasiun pada bulan Maret (musim transisi) dan Juni (musim kering) tahun 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi spasial logam berat bervariasi, dimana konsentrasinya meningkat di lokasi dekat daratan yang mengindikasikan tingginya sumber logam-antropogenik namun secara temporal tidak signifikan.Kata kunci: logam berat, distribusi spasial, distribusi temporal, kegiatan antropogenik, Teluk Jakarta.
Nowadays, the logarithmic production of existing well-known food materials is unable to keep up with the demand caused by the exponential growth of the human population in terms of the equality of access to food materials. Famous local food materials with treasury properties such as mangrove fruits are an excellent source to be listed as emerging food candidates with ethnomedicinal properties. Thus, this study reviews the nutrition content of several edible mangrove fruits and the innovation to improve the fruit into a highly economic food product. Within the mangrove fruit, the levels of primary metabolites such as carbohydrates, protein, and fat are acceptable for daily intake. The mangrove fruits, seeds, and endophytic fungi are rich in phenolic compounds, limonoids, and their derivatives as the compounds present a multitude of bioactivities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant. In the intermediary process, the flour of mangrove fruit stands as a supplementation for the existing flour with antidiabetic or antioxidant properties. The mangrove fruit is successfully transformed into many processed food products. However, limited fruits from species such as Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Avicennia marina are commonly upgraded into traditional food, though many more species demonstrate ethnomedicinal properties. In the Middle East, A. marina is the dominant species, and the study of the phytochemicals and fruit development is limited. Therefore, studies on the development of mangrove fruits to functional for other mangrove species are demanding. The locally accepted mangrove fruit is coveted as an alternate food material to support the sustainable development goal of eliminating world hunger in sustainable ways.
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