Meliana was charged with violating Article 156a of the Indonesian Criminal Code and was sentenced by a Medan District Court judge with 18 months in prison for being considered a religious blasphemy for complaining about the volume of the call to prayer near her home. The problem is how freedom of expression relates to religion according to Article 156a of the Criminal Code. The research method used in writing this thesis is normative legal research. The results showed that the Medan District Court Judge considered that the element of "blasphemy" was fulfilled by the fact that based on the conversation delivered by witnesses at the trial and there was a very real relationship between the complaints of the defendant and the anger of Muslims and the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council of North Sumatra Province stated that The defendant is blasphemous towards Islam, which is the religion of Islam adopted in the State of Indonesia. Freedom of opinion is not free freedom, but freedom that is limited by applicable regulations (Law). This case shows that the blasphemy law is actually a tool of conflict, not a conflict prevention as the government considers it. If this law is not abolished, then there must be a way for the law to "no longer be used." Law enforcement officials truly understand the essence of the blasphemy law, so as not to set a bad precedent in the midst of national pluralism.
Budi Pego was charged with violating Article 107a of Law Number 27 of 1999 concerning Amendment to the Criminal Law Code relating to crimes against State security, because of. Because of these accusations, Budi Pego was charged with a 10-month prison sentence in the Banyuwangi District Court. The problem faced is how criminal liability on the perpetrators of the spread of the teachings of communism in terms of Article 107A of the Criminal Code (case study of decision No. 559 / Pid.B / 2017 / PN.Byw)? The research method used is normative legal research. The results showed that criminal liability on the perpetrators of the spread of the teachings of communism in terms of Article 107A of the Criminal Code in Decision No. 559 / Pid.B / 2017 / PN.Byw. it is inappropriate if this criminal liability model is applied to criminal liability to individuals. Considering that individual accountability still requires actions and mistakes as a basic element of accountability. That is, without any deeds and mistakes, there is no criminal liability. Regarding the Budi Pego case, the policy of criminalizing the ideology of Communism/Marxism-Leninism was decriminalized. If this cannot be done, then the legislators need to revise Law No. 27 of 1999 with the concept of eliminating articles containing formal offenses and replacing them with the formulation of material offenses and in the formulation of the weight of sanctions.
In Indonesia, corruption is rampant in the procurement of goods and services. The institution authorized to deal with corruption is the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). One of the tasks of the Corruption Eradication Commission is to carry out surveillance and preventive actions so that there are not many corruption cases that can harm the country but the prevention function has not been maximally implemented. Therefore, the author proposes the issue of how is the juridical study of Corruption Eradication Commission’s preventive function in eradicating corruption of the electronic procurement of goods and services in DKI Jakarta province? The author analizes the problem using normative research methods, with the technique of research legislation approaches. Corruption in the procurement of goods and services is very widespread because there are still gaps or weaknesses used to commit corruption. Existing weaknesses include regulation, principles in procurement of goods and services, supervision, and implementation of procurement of goods and services. Likewise, the implementation of KPK in terms of prevention is still lacking. The KPK should be an institution tasked with eradicating corruption. In addition to supervision, the KPK should prioritize implementing prevention so that corruption does not occur. The thing that can be done by KPK includes tightening supervision in the procurement of goods and services.
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