ABSTRAKBencana tanah longsor di Indonesia semakin sering terjadi dari tahun ke tahun. Bencana tanah longsor telah terjadi di Dusun Tangkil, Desa Banaran, Kecamatan Pulung, Kabupaten Ponorogo, Provinsi Jawa Timur pada tanggal 1 April 2017. Lokasi tanah longsor di Desa Banaran, Kecamatan Pulung, Kabupaten Ponorogo, Jawa Timur, terletak pada zona kerentanan tinggi. Tipologi tanah longsor berupa longsoran bahan rombakan, yang kemudian ke arah bawah (Kali Tangkil) berkembang menjadi tipe aliran bahan rombakan. Faktor-Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya tanah longsor lokasi penelitian adalah: kelerengan, batuan dan tanah, rekahan/retakan batuan, konversi lahan, drainase dan keairan, curah hujan tinggi, dan aktivitas manusia. Dari kesemuanya faktor-faktor tersebut, yang paling dominan dan berpengaruh terhadap tanah longsor adalah: lereng yang curam, soil hasil pelapukan sangat gembur dan tebal, alih fungsi lahan dan curah hujan yang tinggi. Material longsoran tidak terkonsolidasi dengan baik sehingga masih mudah bergerak, dan kemungkinan pembendungan pada Kali Tangkil oleh material longsoran tersebut bisa berpotensi terjadinya banjir bandang. Beberapa permukiman yang berada di saekitar lokasi longsor mempunyai risiko tinggi dan sedang terhadap longsor, sehingga perlu dibangun kesiapsiagaan masyarakat, pembangunan sistem peringatan dini longsor serta untuk jangka panjang adalah relokasi jika memang kondisi semakin parah. Pertanian lahan kering pada lereng-lereng sebaiknya menggunakan pola agroforestry. Kawasan sub DAS berisiko longsor, sebaiknya dikembalikan fungsi lahan sebagai hutan konservasi atau hutan lindung seperti sebelumnya.Kata kunci: longsor, Ponorogo, curam, soil tebal, degradasi lahan, curah hujan tinggi, risikoABSTRACTLandslides in Indonesia are becoming increasingly frequent from year to year. A landslide disaster has occurred in Tangkil, Banaran Village, Pulung Sub-District, Ponorogo District, East Java Province on April 1, 2017. The location of landslides in Banaran Village, Pulung Sub-District, Ponorogo District, East Java, lies in the high vulnerability zone. The landslide typology is a debris slide, which then in the downstream direction (Tangkil River) develop into a type of debris flow. Factors that influence the occurrence of landslides in the study area are: slope, rock and soil, fracture, land conversion, drainage and irrigation, high rainfall, and human activities. Of all the influential factors, the most dominant factors for landslides are: steep slopes, weathered soil is very loose and thick, land conversion, and high rainfall. Landslide material is not well consolidated so that it is still easy to move, and the possibility of damming the Tangkil River by landslide material can potentially cause flash floods. Some settlements located near landslide locations have high and moderate risks of landslides, so community preparedness needs to be built, the establishment of landslide early warning systems and long-term relocation if the condition is getting worse. Dryland farming on slopes should use agroforestry patterns. Sub-watershed areas are at risk of landslides, the land should be restored as conservation forest or protected forest as before.Keywords: landslide, Ponorogo, steep slopes, thick soil, land degradation, high rainfall, risk
Bencana tanah longsor semakin sering terjadi akhir-akhir ini di Kabupaten Bogor termasuk di Kecamatan Sukajaya. Bencana longsor telah terjadi secara masif, menyeluruh dan waktu yang bersamaan di Kecamatan Sukajaya, pada tanggal 1 Januari 2020 . Kecamatan Sukajaya termasuk dalam zona bahaya tanah longsor tinggi. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya tanah longsor di Kecamatan Sukajaya, yaitu: kelerengan, kondisi geologi dan tanah, tataguna lahan, pola drainase, curah hujan, dan aktivitas manusia. Faktor dominan yang paling berpengaruh adalah: curah hujan harian yang ekstrim sebelum dan saat terjadi longsor, jenis batuan vulkanik yang membentuk tanah sangat tebal dan gembur, dan kemiringan lereng yang curam-sangat curam. Analisis berbagai faktor penyebab longsor, zonasi tanah longsor serta analisis mekanisme longsor, akan sangat membantu dalam pananganan dan antisipasi bencana ke depan. Penataan kawasan pasca bencana longsor sangat diperlukan untuk bisa mengurangi risiko bencana serta membangun kawasan yang aman berkesinambungan. Banyak hal yang bisa dilakukan dalam penataan kawasan longsor tersebut antara lain adalah: daerah bekas dan rawan longsor dijadikan kawasan konservasi, relokasi penduduk yang terancam ke tempat yang aman, pengaturan drainase, penguatan tebing dan lereng jalan, menghindari tinggal pada lereng bukit serta alur sungai, penghijauan dengan tanaman yang keras dan berakar kuat. Pembentukan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat juga sangat dibutuhkan untuk membentuk masyarakat yang tangguh terhadap bencana tanah longsor.
Landslides often occur in Indonesia, including in Puncak which is a tourist area. A landslide disaster occurred at Puncak Pass, Cipanas Sub-district, Cianjur District, West Java on Wednesday, March 28, 2018 at around 08.00 PM. Typology of landslides that occur is a debris slide consisting of debris materials such as soil, rocks and large trees, and form a basin such as the shape of a horseshoe on the former landslide. Landslide occurred on the slope of the road and destroyed the hotel building, the park behind the hotel and pine forest. Many factors that influence the occurrence of landslide in Puncak Pass, from the analysis there are three main factors causing the landslide: the topography of the landslide is very steep, the occurrence of heavy rain for several consecutive days before the occurrence of landslides, and the slope which always disrupted the transport load of vehicles on it. Arrangement of landslide areas is very important to re-arrange the sustainable condition of the area against similar landslide disaster in the future. These arrangements are: handling of landslides during emergency response, determining the location of new road development, water and drainage management, cliff strengthening, land management, potentially affected settlements, and landslide disaster management.
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