Ongoing shifts in the species composition of Eastern US forests necessitate the development of frameworks to explore how species-specific water-use strategies influence ecosystem-scale carbon (C) cycling during drought. Here, we develop a diagnostic framework to classify plant drought-response strategies along a continuum of isohydric to anisohydric regulation of leaf water potential (Ψ(L)). The framework is applied to a 3-year record of weekly leaf-level gas exchange and Ψ measurements collected in the Morgan-Monroe State Forest (Indiana, USA), where continuous observations of the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) have been ongoing since 1999. A severe drought that occurred in the middle of the study period reduced the absolute magnitude of NEE by 55%, though species-specific responses to drought conditions varied. Oak species were characterized by anisohydric regulation of Ψ(L) that promoted static gas exchange throughout the study period. In contrast, Ψ(L) of the other canopy dominant species was more isohydric, which limited gas exchange during the drought. Ecosystem-scale estimates of NEE and gross ecosystem productivity derived by upscaling the leaf-level data agreed well with tower-based observations, and highlight how the fraction of isohydric and anisohydric species in forests can mediate net ecosystem C balance.
Rahman FA, Qayim I, Wardiatno Y. 2018. Carbon storage variability in seagrass meadows of Marine Poton Bako, EastLombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1626-1631. The increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration in the lastdecades leads to global warming, having an adverse effect on the environment condition on the Earth. One of the natural mechanism asan effort to reduce the impact of global warming is carbon absorption and storage through photosynthesis mechanism of seagrassvegetation. Research conducted at Poton Bako, a district in East Lombok was aimed to reveal the composition of seagrass species,density, seagrass coverage, the biomass of seagrass tissue, content of carbon storage in seagrass tissue (above and below substrates),carbon content in seagrass sediments, and estimation of carbon stock in the area. The research included observation of speciescomposition, and the sample was collected from 0.5 m × 0.5 m plot area. The total plot area was 36 on six lanes with the space betweenplots 25 m and between lanes 100 m. Six species from two families were found in the seagrass meadows, i.e., Cymodocea rotundata,Enhalus acoroides, Halophila minor, Holodule uninervis, Thalassia hemprichii and Thalassodendron ciliatum. The three highest totaldensities were C. rotundata 214.67±110.469 stands m-2, T. hemprichii 85.11±41.471 stands m-2, and H. minor 42.22±44.204 stands m-2.Species with the highest coverage value at all observation plots was C. rotundata (33.47±26.748 %), and T. ciliatum had the lowestvalue (2.12±5.071 %). The total biomass was 676.32 g DW m-2 with biomass above substrate 329.94±57.725 g DW m-2 and belowsubstrate 654.88±81.199 g DW m-2. The carbon content of substrate ranged from 0.11% to 0.51% with the average of 0.35±0.081%,which was categorized low. The total average of carbon storage in seagrass was 447.92 g C m-2 comprising 142.77 g C m-2 of theirtissue above substrate and 305.15 g C m-2 below substrate. Regarding the area, the total carbon stored in seagrass meadows with 56.65ha area was 249.27 t C ha-1.
Penggunaan energi listrik sebagai sumber pencahayaan pada bagan tancap sangat penting dalam penangkapan ikan. Pencahayaan berfungsi menarik ikan mencari sumber makanan di sekitar bagan. Pencahayaan/atraktor cahaya pada bagan bertujuan mengumpulkan ikan karena memiliki sifat fototaksis positif. Ikan yang bersifat fototaksis positif akan berkumpul di daerah cahaya lampu, sehingga memudahkan nelayan untuk menangkap ikan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh nelayan saat ini adalah ketersediaan listrik. Salah satu alternatif penyelesaian permasalahan tersebut berupa penyediaan panel surya pada bagan tancap untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik dan menyimpannya dalam baterai Aki. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mendemontrasi teknologi panel surya pada bagan tancap sebagai penyedia sumber listrik untuk sumber pencahayaan dalam menangkap ikan, meningkatan pengetahuan melalui pelatihan penggunaan teknologi panel surya, serta menyusun strategi keberlanjutan kegiatan melalui optimalisasi peran lembaga LPATJ serta kerjasama dengan parapihak di Kawasan Teluk Jor, Kecamatan Jerowaru, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Metode kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa demontrasi melalui pembuatan bagan tancap dengan melakukan instalasi panel surya serta pemasangan aki sebagai alat penyimpan arus listrik. Arus listrik yang tersimpan dalam aki kemudian akan digunakan pada malam hari oleh nelayan pada bagan masing-masing. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah pembangunan bagan tancap beserta demonstrasi peralatan teknologi panel surya dan peralatan pendukung lainnya telah dilakukan, dipahami operasionalisasinya serta digunakan secara langsung oleh kelompok. Pelatihan penggunaan Teknologi Panel Surya dapat menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan terutama pemanenan energi surya menjadi listrik serta penyimpanan listrik pada aki yang akan digunakan oleh nelayan pada malam harinya untuk menangkap ikan. Strategi Keberlanjutan melalui adanya inisiatif LPATJ untuk dapat melakukan kerjasama dengan para pihak untuk semakin mengembangkan penangkapan ikan dengan teknologi ramah lingkungan.
Mangroves are one of the coastal vegetations that have ecological roles and benefits as disaster mitigation, one of which is the bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) heavy metal contamination. The purpose of this study was to determine the uptake ability of the heavy metal lead (Pb) by mangrove leaf and root tissues, and the potential storage capacity of the heavy metal lead (Pb) in the substrate of the mangrove ecosystem found under stands of each type of mangrove in the Rhizophoraceae family. The research was conducted on the mangrove ecosystem of the Lembar Bay of West Lombok Regency. This research is a quantitative descriptive research using purposive random sampling method, which starts with taking samples of leaves and roots of each different species and taking samples of the substrate found under stands of mangrove species in the Rhizophoraceae family. Sample testing was carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method. The results showed that the heavy metal (Pb) content in the root tissue was greater than the test results on the leaf samples, namely the roots of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza of 7.23 ppm, the roots of Rhizophora stylosa of 2.84 ppm, and the roots of Ceriops decandra. of 2.84 ppm, while for Rhizophora stylosa leaves it was 4.23 ppm, for Bruguiera gymnorrhiza leaves it was 2.92 ppm, and for Ceriops decandra leaves it was 2.91 ppm. In addition, the content of heavy metal deposits found under the Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mangrove stands was 19.64 ppm, rhizophora stylosa substrate was 16.94 ppm, and 12.94 ppm ceriops decandra substrate. Meanwhile, based on the phytoremediation ability of mangrove species in the Rhizophoraceae family of the Sheet Bay mangrove ecosystem, it was found that the leaves of the type Rhizophora stylosa (- 1.24), were higher than those of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (- 0.26), and Ceriops decandra (0.20). Similarly, the ability of root tissue as a phytoremediation agent was found to be greatest in Rhizophora stylosa (- 1.32).
Gili Meno Lake is one of the salt water lakes located in North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Gili Meno saltwater lake has an area of 6.6 hectares with a diversity of biota (flora and fauna) and unique physical and chemical characteristics of the lake waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the total c-organic content of the mangrove ecosystem and the c-organic content contained in the bottom substrate of mangrove stands. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with purposive random sampling method, which starts with sampling the substrate found under mangrove stands and testing in the laboratory using the Walkley & Black method to obtain carbon content. Based on the results of the study found 5 (five) types of mangroves, namely: 1) Avecennia marina; 2) Bruguera cylindrica; 3) Rhizophora apiculata; 4) Lumnitzera racemosa; and 5) Excoecaria agallocha, with the most dominant species being Avecennia marina. The largest % content of substrate carbon was found in the mangrove species Rhizophora apiculata with a total content of 19.995 %C or equivalent to 307.96 tons C/ha. Meanwhile, the potential for the estimated total carbon content of the substrate in the saltwater lake mangrove ecosystem of Gili Meno is 154.2 ± 99.78 tons C/ha or equivalent to 1020.50 tons C in a total of 6.6 hectares of mangrove ecosystem area of the saltwater lake Gili Meno.
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