The current study was conducted to detect the infection rate of the Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia parasite and to determine the relationship between them and Helicobacter pylori bacteria for patients attending Shirqat General Hospital in Salah al-Din Governorate during the period from October 2020 to March 2021. The number of examined samples reached 409, as they were examined by direct smear and Concentration methods using an optical microscope. The results of the study showed that the total infection rate was 46 (11.24%) positive samples and 363 negative samples with a rate of (88.7%), the Entamoeba histolytica was dominant with rate 67.38%, followed by Giardia lamblia with rate 32.61%, and the infection rates for males were higher than for females. Where the infection rate of males reached 14.29% (34 out of 238) and 7.02% of females (12 out of 171), respectively. The infection rates varied between age groups, as the highest rate of infection was in the age group ≥ 10-1 years, which amounted to 32.6%, and the lowest rate of infection was in the age group 60-51 years, with a rate of 2.17%. The highest infection rate was in October, which amounted to 14.89%, while the lowest infection rate was in December, with a rate of 7.35%. All positive samples were examined for microscopic examination by rapid antigen test to detect H.pylori bacteria involved in infection with Entamoeba histolytica or Giardia lamblia, and the results showed that 13 (28.26) samples were positive and 33 (71.73%) were negative samples, and the Co-infection infection rate was between the Entamoeba histolytica and H.pylori 9 (29.03%) were higher than that of Giardia lamblia and H.pylori 4 (26.66%).The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the sex of patients infected with these parasites and the rates of infection during the months of the study and the age groups of infected patients.

The current study aimed to assess the level of interleukin IL 5 and IL 17 in patients infected with E. histolytica, G. lamblia parasites and H. pylori who suffer from diarrhea and some intestinal disorders, who attended Shirqat General Hospital / Salah al-Din Governorate, during the period from October 2020 to March 2021. The number of faecal samples examined was 409. The parasite infection were detected and investigated using direct wet smear and ether-formalin precipitation methods using light microscopy. All positive samples were examined for microscopic examination by antigen test for faecal samples and antibody test for rapid serum samples for detection of H. pylori co-infection of intestinal protozoa. The results showed that the total infection rate was 46 (11.24%) positive sample for the intestinal protozoa and 363 (88.7%) negative sample, E. histolytica was the higher with 67.38%, followed by Giardia lamblia with 32.61%. The results of the bacterial detection showed that 13 (28.26) positive samples and 33 (71.73%) negative samples, and the rate of co-infection between E. histolytica and H. pylori 9 (29.03%) was higher than the infection rate between Giardia lamblia and H. pylori 4 (26.66%). As for evaluating the level of Cytokines studied, the concentrations of some anti-inflammatory kinetics such as interleukin-5 and some pro-inflammatory kinetics such as interleukin-17 were estimated using ELISA technique. The results showed an increase in the concentration of interleukin-5 in the serum of patients with intestinal protozoa infections, as its concentration reached (10.956 ± 2.381 ml/Pg) compared to the control group (4.334 ± 1.434 ml/Pg), As for the patients infected with H. pylori (4.284±1.260 ml/Pg), there was no increase in the concentration of interleukin-5 compared to the control group (the healthy ones), While the concentration of IL-17 was lower in patients with intestinal protozoa infections (30.114 ± 4.877 ml/Pg) compared to the control group (35.665 ± 3.198 ml/Pg), As well as in patients infected with H. pylori bacteria (31.097±2.001 pg/ml) compared to the control group. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant significant differences in the concentration of each of interleukin 5 and 17, which were statistically significant at the level of probability ≤ 0.01 P.