Tapioca production consumes large amount of energy to process cassava into tapioca. Most energy used is fossil energy in the form of electricity and diesel oil which availability has declined so that affect the tapioca production process in the very near future. In addition to producing main products, tapioca industry also generates certain amount of by-products such as cassava's peel, stockpile and wastewater that potentially be utilized as an energy source. This research aimed to develop a model of a closed system of energy independent production process of tapioca through reusing the by-product as the energy source. Development of a closed system model was based on the mass balance, assessing energy content of by-products, and build a closed system of tapioca production process. This study used secondary data of processing stages and primary data of material balance from a tapioca industry. The results showed that the achievable yield of tapioca was 32%. The tapioca industry with 1,000 ton of cassava per day has the potential energy of 1,407,714,408 kcal per day derived from cassava stockpiles and cassava peels. This potential energy is able to meet the energy requirements of 99,261 kWh per day for the production process. Therefore, the tapioca industry is potentially being an energy independent industry by optimizing the utilization of by-products.Copy Right, IJAR, 2018,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-The tapioca industry that process cassava always generates by-products in the form of solid waste (stockpile) as much as 16.5%, cassava peel (10-15%), and wastewater (Grace 1997, Kosugi et al. 2008. Mareta (2010) and Winarno et al. (1988) find that the content of carbohydrates in the stockpile is 68% and in the crude fiber is 10%. Mareta (2010) states that the number of stockpiles produced from tapioca production process ranges from 5-10% of the weight of the raw material. Without a proper handling, these by-products can cause environmental pollution. In general, this industry only produces tapioca at 20-30% of the weight of processed cassava (Rahmatul 2013). Stockpile and peel are potential to be used as energy sources to produce heat of the drying process of cassava starch. The tapioca production process will continue to grow to meet the growing demand for both industrial raw materials and food ingredients. Sriroth et al. (2000) calculated the normal needs of electrical energy and thermal energy for producing one kg of tapioca is about 0.320-0.939 MJ and 1.141-2.749 MJ respectively or 25% in the form of electrical energy and 75% in the form of heat and still use energy derived from diesel oil.A closed system is a system that is not related to and not affected by the environment outside the system. In the production process, a closed system can be interpreted as mass and energy balance that is integrated only with the Int . J. Adv. Res. 6(10), 521-532 522 flow of material in the system. Closed systems are not related to mass and energy flows from and to the outsid...
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