Fracture liaison services (FLS) are an accepted approach to lowering rates of osteoporotic refractures. However, resource allocations to FLS are open to challenge, as most relevant cost analyses are based on anticipated, rather than observed, benefits. To support informed decision making, we have estimated the cost of operating an FLS, from the perspective of the Australian health system, with real life costs. On the basis of hospital records, we compared total costs of two cohorts of patients presenting with minimal trauma fractures (MTFs) at two hospital emergency departments (EDs) across a 6-month period (July to December 2010). The treatment cohort (FLS Cohort, n ¼ 515) attended an ED at a hospital offering FLS post-fracture care; the Usual Care Cohort (n ¼ 416) attended an ED at a hospital without an FLS. Hospital records were reviewed for further attendance of both groups at their respective hospitals' EDs with refractures for the subsequent 3 years. Costs were constructed from "bottom up" with a "microcosting" approach. Total costs for both cohorts included any FLS and the costs of refractures. Cohort costs were estimated for every 1000 patients over the 3 observed years. Compared with the Usual Care Cohort, the FLS Cohort had 62 fewer fractures per 1000 patients and $617,275 lower costs over 3 years. In a sensitivity analysis, where 20% of the Usual Care Cohort received FLS preventative treatment, FLS Cohort costs were lower by $880,154. As both hospitals consistently process around 2000 patients per year, the estimated annual saving is $1.2 million to $1.8 million (Australian dollars). From the perspective of the Australian public health system, investment in FLS can be a financially effective way of reducing the cost of osteoporotic fracture management.

Objectives We aimed to describe patients’ attitudes and experiences of transition from paediatric to adult healthcare in rheumatology to inform patient-centred transitional care programmes. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL to August 2019 and used thematic synthesis to analyse the findings. Results From 26 studies involving 451 people with juvenile-onset rheumatic conditions we identified six themes: a sense of belonging (comfort in familiarity, connectedness in shared experiences, reassurance in being with others of a similar age, desire for normality and acceptance); preparedness for sudden changes (confidence through guided introductions to the adult environment, rapport from continuity of care, security in a reliable point of contact, minimizing lifestyle disruptions); abandonment and fear of the unknown (abrupt and forced independence, ill-equipped to hand over medical information, shocked by meeting adults with visible damage and disability, vulnerability in the loss of privacy); anonymous and dismissed in adult care (deprived of human focus, sterile and uninviting environment, disregard of debilitating pain and fatigue); quest for autonomy (controlled and patronized in the paediatric environment, liberated from the authority of others, freedom to communicate openly); and tensions in parental involvement (overshadowed by parental presence, guilt of excluding parents, reluctant withdrawal of parental support). Conclusion Young people feel dismissed, abandoned, ill-prepared and out of control during transition. However, successful transition can be supported by preparing for changes, creating a sense of belonging and negotiating parental involvement and autonomy. Incorporating patient-identified priorities into transitional services may improve satisfaction and outcomes in young people with juvenile-onset rheumatic conditions.

ObjectivesTo describe the experiences, priorities, and needs of patients with rheumatic disease and their parents during transition from paediatric to adult healthcare.SettingFace-to-face and telephone semistructured interviews were conducted from December 2018 to September 2019 recruited from five hospital centres in Australia.ParticipantsFourteen young people and 16 parents were interviewed. Young people were included if they were English speaking, aged 14–25 years, diagnosed with an inflammatory rheumatic disease (eg, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, panniculitis, familial Mediterranean fever) before 18 years of age. Young people were not included if they were diagnosed in the adult setting.ResultsWe identified four themes with respective subthemes: avoid repeat of past disruption (maintain disease stability, preserve adjusted personal goals, protect social inclusion); encounter a daunting adult environment (serious and sombre mood, discredited and isolated identity, fear of a rigid system); establish therapeutic alliances with adult rheumatology providers (relinquish a trusting relationship, seek person-focused care, redefine personal–professional boundaries, reassurance of alternative medical supports, transferred trust to adult doctor) and negotiate patient autonomy (confidence in formerly gained independence, alleviate burden on patients, mediate parental anxiety).ConclusionsDuring transition, patients want to maintain disease stability, develop a relationship with their adult provider centralised on personal goals and access support networks. Strategies to comprehensively communicate information between providers, support self-management, and negotiate individualised goals for independence during transition planning may improve satisfaction, and health and treatment outcomes.