ResumenEl tema de las emociones se ha tratado de manera tangencial en la antropología social. Sin embargo, resulta incuestionable la gestión cultural que se hace de ellas y su intervención en el sentido que otorgamos a la vida. Este artículo se inicia con una reflexión sobre la influencia que los paradigmas positivista, evolucionista y racionalista han tenido en el estudio de las emociones, para proseguir con una aproximación a la antropología de las emociones analizando las contribuciones que nuestra disciplina ha facilitado y puede seguir aportando. Termina esta investigación analizando antropológicamente el sentimiento del miedo como universal cultural.Palabras clave: creencias, cultura, emociones, miedo, mitos y ritos. AbstractThe topic related to emotions has been approached by the studies of Social Anthropology. However the cultural input resulting from the emotions and their effect on the meaning of life is undeniable. This article starts with an analysis on the influence that positivist, evolutionist and rationalist criteria have had on the study of emotions. Then it continues with an approach to the anthropological studies of emotions analyzing its contribution and conclusions to this topic. The investigation ends up with an anthropological analysis of the feeling of fear as a cultural universal.
El síndrome de intestino irritable (SII) es un trastorno crónico muy frecuente que requiere ser estudiado más allá del campo biomédico. El interés criminológico y antropológico criminal del SII radica en su alta prevalencia entre mujeres víctimas de violencia doméstica; víctimas de abuso físico, sexual y emocional en la edad adulta; víctimas de abuso sexual infantil; mujeres veteranas de guerra; y adultos expuestos durante la infancia a condiciones severas en tiempos de guerra. Además, las víctimas de violencia afectadas de SII pueden sufrir una revictimización por parte del sistema médico. Dado que el SII es un fenómeno universal con particularidades regionales y culturales, la investigación reciente señala la importancia que tienen en el desarrollo del SII aspectos como la socialización diferencial de género. Los mitos y creencias que poseen las personas afectadas de SII se han investigado abundantemente; no así aquéllos presentes entre el personal médico.
Research on traditional mindfulness-based interventions supports the position that they are effective in treating psychological problems and benefiting healthy people. However, more research is needed on the effectiveness of online interventions, a field that is growing and developing rapidly, especially with the onset of the pandemic, as many meditation groups have moved into cyberspace. There is little research on the difficulties that these groups face and the effectiveness of online mindfulness practice. In this work, we analyze the effects of the transition from training with physical presence to virtual training in mindfulness during the lockdown and subsequent period of social distancing due to SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, we analyze the changes in the means and the methodology and the effects of the transition to virtual presence; finally, we evaluate the results obtained through both training models. The investigation was carried out in a center where face-to-face training has been provided for twelve years and that, with the onset of the pandemic, moved its practice groups to cyberspace. The methodology is anthropological and is supported by quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results show that online training breaks the traditional chrono-topo complex and opens up new access possibilities, but limits bodily practices, decreases the intensity of the experience, and slows down the pace of learning. However, the effectiveness is maintained by showing equivalent result rates at the end of the training.
Ante la situación compleja y complicada en la que nos ha situado el SARS-CoV-2 proponemos un modelo de análisis antropológico, que pueda visibilizar la situación de syndemia en la que estamos inmersos. Para ello analizamos la realidad a través del complejo cronotopo y los módulos de la cultura.
Online professional communities based on sharing under open licenses have become a new way of building knowledge, learning and professional development of the participants who build and expand their professional identity in the new global space. These new dynamics of cyberculture are not being sufficiently explored in the training of vocational students. However, open pedagogy models can foster pre-professional identity, influence academic success and self-perception, as well as contribute to the commons. In this study, we have investigated from the anthropological perspective, the impact of a training program based on an open pedagogy model. Specifically, we have investigated the effect on the pre-professional identity and the academic results of vocational students, as well as on the development of the commons of their profession. Methodologically, we have combined the bibliographic review with the empirical, quantitative, and qualitative data, collected in the ethnographic fieldwork carried out during two academic years on 77 students of “Microcomputer Systems and Networks”, in a vocational center located in the Community of Valencia (Spain). The results indicate that this methodology promotes, among students, the development of pre-professional identity, a better understanding of copyright and open licenses, appreciation of the documentation processes of their tasks, and the value of their works for society.
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