Pharmaceutical care related services provided by pharmacists in the community are mainly taking patients' medication history, informing patients about use of medications, informing patients about medication storage, and provide information about drug and/or food interaction. Objective: Toevaluate the knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medicalpopulation of Lahore, Pakistan.Methods: A sample of 100 participants was drawn by using non-convenient sampling in this cross-sectional survey. Survey was conducted within the duration of 6 months from 2nd June, 2020 to 15th December, 2020. Data was collected from participants of different universities, societies and hospitals, having age between 25-40 years, both genders without discrimination of profession. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Qualitative data was calculated using frequencies and percentages. Results: In this study 63% medical and 37% non-medical participants respond to questionnaire. About 34% of the population had knowledge about pharmaceutical care. Almost 23%had lack of knowledge about pharmaceutical care while 43%participants did not respond.Conclusions:The knowledge about pharmaceutical care in general community is very vital and pharmacist shouldprovide knowledge and pharmaceutical care services to the patients.
Hamstring tightness is commonest cause of altered biomechanics of ankle, knee, hip and spine. Long persistent tightness results in pain, decreased range of motion and others pathologies in knee joint. Stretching techniques are used to treat muscle tightness. In clinical settings, different stretch holding timesare used to treat hamstring tightness. The purpose of the study was to determine effects of different static stretch holding-times on hamstring muscles flexibility and their impacts on improving range of motion (ROM) of knee extension in adults. This experimental work was conducted on students of University of Lahorefrom December 2013 to March 2014. The study comprised of 60 subjects with asymptomatic tightness of hamstrings muscles and subjects were aged between 18-26 years (irrespective of their gender). Range of motion at knee joint was measured by universal goniometer before the commencement of stretching technique. Static stretching was applied to group A, B and C with 30, 60 and 90 seconds holds, respectively. Stretches were exerted at frequency of three sessions per week and three repetitions per session. Reevaluation of ROM was performed after 4 and 6 weeks. The mean values of ROM of knee extension showed gainin range after applying static stretching at 30s, 60s and 90s holding times. By applying repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), the p-values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.001) for static stretching techniques with 30s, 60s, 90s holding times, respectively. Based on these finding, it is plausible toconclude that application of static stretching at holding times of 30, 60 and 90 seconds can significantly improve the ROM of knee extension. Stretching techniques with different holding times were equally effective in improving knee extension and gaining hamstring flexibility in adults.
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