Results: The internal consistency of the total scale and the six subscales of the questionnaire was satisfactory. Respondents scored highest on items about satisfaction with the doctor-patient relationship (mean 4.24; SD 0.63) and lowest on items regarding their satisfaction with psychosocial improvement (mean 2.88; SD 0.87). Compared to the results of the sample from 2000, significant differences were found on the subscales doctor-patient relationship, residual category, and psychosocial improvement as well as on the total sum scale. Conclusions: The doctor-patient relationship remains the most important factor contributing to patient satisfaction. However, the results show that, overall, patients are more satisfied with their orthodontic treatment than patients were a decade ago. (Angle Orthod. 2013;83:507-511.)

Working gas pressure during sputter deposition can significantly affect the conformality of a thin film when it is grown on a nanostructured surface. In this study, we fabricated core-shell nanostructured photodetectors, where n-type In2S3 nanorod arrays (core) were coated with p-type CuInS2 (CIS) films (shell) at relatively low and high Ar gas pressures. In2S3 nanorods were prepared by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique using a thermal evaporator unit. CIS films were deposited by RF sputtering at Ar pressures of 2.7x10-2 mbar (high pressure sputtering, HIPS) and 7.3x10-3 mbar (low pressure sputtering, LPS). The morphological characterization was carried out by means of SEM. The photocurrent measurement was conducted under 1.5 AM Sun under no bias. Nanostructured photodetectors of HIPS-CIS/GLAD-In2S3 (i.e. HIPS-GLAD) were shown to demonstrate enhanced photoresponse with a photocurrent value of 98 μA, which is about ∼230% higher than that of LPS-GLAD devices. The enhancement originates from the improved core-shell structure achieved by more conformal coating of the CIS shell. In addition, the results were compared to their counterpart thin-film devices incorporating an In2S3 film coated either with HIPS or LPS CIS layer. Nanorod devices with high and low pressure CIS films showed photocurrent values ∼20 times and ∼ 19 times higher compared to those of high and low pressure film devices, respectively. This finding can be explained by the higher light absorption property of nanorods, and the reduced inter-electrode distance as a result of core-shell structure, which allows the effective capture of the photo-generated carriers. Therefore, the results of this work can pave way to the development of high photoresponse core-shell semiconductor devices fabricated by physical vapor deposition techniques.

We report on the photovoltaic characteristics of molecular beam epitaxy-grown PiN InGaN nanorod solar cells. The glancing angle deposition process was adapted to grow continuous transparent metal layers on discontinuous nanorods. A short-circuit current density of 4.6 mA/cm 2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.22 V with a power conversion efficiency of 0.5% under 1 sun, air-mass 1.5, illumination were observed. The excellent lightgenerated current in the InGaN nanorod solar cells is considered to stem from the improved crystal quality owing to the strain-free nature as well as the enhanced light concentration effects in the nanorod configuration.

In this study, the authors fabricated high performance core–shell nanostructured flexible photodetectors on a polyimide substrate of Kapton. For this purpose, p-type copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) nanorod arrays (core) were coated with aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) films (shell) at relatively high Ar gas pressures. CIGS nanorods were prepared by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering unit at room temperature. AZO films were deposited by RF sputtering at Ar pressures of 1.0×10−2 mbar (high pressure sputtering) for the shell and at 3.0×10−3 mbar (low pressure sputtering) to create a top contact. As a comparison, the authors also fabricated conventional planar thin film devices incorporating CIGS film of similar material loading to that of CIGS nanorods. The morphological characterization was carried out by field-emission scanning electron microscope. The photocurrent measurement was conducted under 1.5 AM sun at zero electrical biasing, where CIGS devices were observed to absorb in the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrum. GLAD core–shell nanorod photodetectors were shown to demonstrate enhanced photoresponse with an average photocurrent density values of 4.4, 3.2, 2.5, 3.0, and 2.5 μA/cm2 for bending angles of 0°, 20°, 40°, 60°, and 80°, respectively. These results are significantly higher than the photocurrent of most of the flexible photodetectors reported in the literature. Moreover, our nanorod devices recovered their photoresponse after several bending experiments that indicate their enhanced mechanical durability. On the other hand, thin film devices did not show any notable photoresponse. Improved photocurrent of CIGS nanorod devices is believed to be due to their enhanced light trapping property and the reduced interelectrode distance because of the core–shell structure, which allows the efficient capture of the photo-generated carriers. In addition, enhanced mechanical durability is achieved by the GLAD nanorod microstructure on a flexible substrate. This approach can open a new strategy to boost the performance of flexible photodetectors and wearable electronics.

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