The results of this study indicate that an 8-week Neurodevelopmental Treatment based posture and balance training is an effective approach in order to improve functional motor level and functional independency by improving postural control and balance in diparetic and hemiparetic CPC.

The kinesiophobia adversely affect the quality of life limiting the physical activity status of patients with chronic low back pain.

Chronic low back pain is affect in patients than chronic neck pain as a emotional status and disability level.

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the agreement between physiotherapists (PTs) and mothers (Ms) about the treatment of children with cerebral palsy (CP) who received treatment in special education and rehabilitation centers. [Subjects] Ms of 130 children with CP (75 boys, 55 girls) and 130 PTs who applied rehabilitation programs were interviewed. [Methods] Clinical types and gross motor function levels of the children were recorded. A questionnaire consisting of 6 open-ended questions was used to describe the expectations and views of the PTs and Ms about the physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs for the children. [Results] The mean age of the children was 89.80±52.05 months. The mean treatment period for the children was 73.62±42.11 months. The mean age of the mothers was 35.47±5.79 years, and the mean age of the PTs was 28.07±7.28 years. We found a statistically moderate level of agreement between the PTs and Ms regarding the appropriateness of the treatment provided to the children. There was statistically insignificant agreement regarding the applied treatment methods and the appropriateness of the applied rehabilitation programs. [Conclusion] We believe that the views and expectations of the Ms should be taken into account by the PTs when preparing a treatment program for children with CP.

Proprioceptive training should be included in physiotherapy programs to improve balance; it decreases the disability level in patients with CNP.

gets for DBS. Although the motor outcomes after STN and GPi DBS are similar, apparently, non-motor factors could affect the target selection. In addition, although both STN and GPi stimulation markedly improve postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD), contradicting studies have revealed that patients experienced more frequent falls and gait disturbance in the first 3 months postoperatively (4). Moreover, some long-term studies reported that the gait function worsened in patients with PD undergoing STN DBS (13,16,17,22,23). For instance, █ INTRODUCTION I n patients with advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established treatment option. Previously, randomized studies have revealed that treatment with subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS is superior to the best medical therapy for improving the motor function and quality of life for patients with advanced PD (8). Both STN and globus pallidus interna (GPi) are accepted tar-AIM: To compare the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus interna (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on the motor outcome, gait and balance function, fall risk (FR), and non-motor symptoms in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL and METHODS: We randomized patients with advanced PD with the indication of DBS to undergo either STN or GPi DBS and followed them for 2 years. We collected data at baseline and postoperative 6, 12, and 24 months. We compared changes in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score, timed gait tests, posturography, non-motor symptom questionnaire (NMSQuest), hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale, and levodopa equivalent dose (LED). RESULTS: We enrolled and randomized 12 patients to receive either STN (n = 6) or GPi (n = 6) DBS. Postoperative motor outcomes were significantly improved in both groups (p<0.05). In both groups, timed gait tests exhibited better performance in mobility; however, patients receiving GPi DBS performed better than those receiving STN DBS in the timed gait tests (p<0.05). Furthermore, the posturographic evaluation demonstrated a significant elevation in the FR in the STN group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both STN and GPi DBS are equally effective in alleviating disabling motor complications. However, seemingly, STN DBS could cause more gait and balance problems; hence, a tailored approach seems to be more appropriate in the target selection.

STN DBS is an effective treatment to improve physical functioning, emotional status and daily activities in Parkinson's patients. However, it did not show any positive effect on cognitive function.