The sensibility originated by the Blowout Preventer (BOP) theme, due to all attention gathered after the Macondo event, established a high level of requirements from regulatory agencies, clients and Drilling Contractors themselves. Based on these pillars, the concept of reliability has been constantly applied in the oil industry, especially in the Well Safety and Control System, where it is extremely important for the equipment to be reliable and operational when required. In parallel, the Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) and Prognostic Health Management (PHM) concepts, widely used in critical industries, which require high reliability levels, are being pointed out as the future for the BOP system management. Within this context, the purpose of this paper is to review the literature on Condition Based Maintenance and Prognostic Health Management, integrated with reliability concepts, and to enable them to be applied in the BOP health management. The paper identifies different concepts needed to support the main theme and, through research and selection criteria, it brings together a set of publications to obtain consistent theoretical framework. This research outlines important techniques used in high reliability industries and the way they can be applied on the BOP system and it also provides many useful references and case studies to assist on further development works in terms of well control and operational safety.
The Oil & Gas Industry faces major challenges in seeking to improve the management of its exploration operations, mainly in terms of operational safety, process safety, preservation of environment and reliability of their equipment. The sensibility created by the theme BOP, due by all attention gathered after Macondo event, established a new level of requirements from regulatory agencies and clients themselves. Queiroz GalvÃo óleo e Gás S/A (QGOG), hence since 1981 with continuous operations of drilling services in Brazil, through a strategic reasoning aligned with the strengthening of quality management, safety, and environment, developed a program aiming to increase the reliability of BOP system and operational safety. The paper aims to demonstrate how the endeavor was conducted under this Program, making the initiative an unequaled experience.
RESUMOApós o acidente do Blowout de Macondo, no Golfo do México, que culminou com o afundamento da plataforma Deepwater Horizon e a morte de 11 pessoas, a legislação que envolve a segurança de poço passou a sofrer mudanças, em especial as relacionadas com Blowout Preventer (BOP). O BOP é um equipamento essencial para a segurança da perfuração, completação e intervenção do poço. Tem como função conter os fluidos da formação, com ou sem ferramentas em seu interior. Para isso, conta com corpo e conectores resistentes a pressão, bem como preventores capazes de vedar e fechar o poço mediante a necessidade. A fim de garantir seu bom funcionamento, o BOP é submetido a políticas de testes durante toda a sua vida útil. Estes testes permitem antever alguns modos de falha e, com isso, prevenir a sua ocorrência em momento indesejável durante a operação. Diferentes políticas de teste são propostas por normas internacionais, tais como API 53, BSEE 250.537 e NORSOK D-010. Dada a sua relação com a disponibilidade do BOP durante a operação, é de interesse avaliar o impacto da frequência de teste no desempenho deste equipamento. Uma limitação notável das abordagens atualmente utilizadas para avaliação de risco nas operações com BOP reside na ausência de dinamicidade destes modelos, o que limita a sua aplicação para a consideração de eventos temporais como testes e manutenções. Com o intuito de avançar na direção de avaliar o impacto da frequência de testes na disponibilidade do BOP, este trabalho aplica um modelo markoviano multifásico, apropriado para lidar com as características dinâmicas necessárias. Como objeto de aplicação, será analisado um circuito de acionamento de um preventor anular.Palavras-chave: Blowout Preventer (BOP), disponibilidade, frequência de testes, gestão da manutenção, modelo markoviano multifásico.
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