We synthesized novel TiO2/ZnO-phosphate (TP/ZP) and polymethyl hydrogen siloxane (PMHS) based 2-layer hydrophobic coatings with potential antimicrobial properties tuned for application on steel substrates. The mathematical method of topological data analysis was applied to surface roughness data. Wetting characterizations show stable hydrophobic behavior of the 2-layer coated samples. Through tribological characterization, we compare the friction behavior of uncoated steel samples and steel samples coated with different coating materials. The coefficient of friction of uncoated base materials (ranging from 0.221 to 0.269) and the 2-layer hydrophobic coatings (ranging from 0.234 to 0.273) indicate that the coatings confer hydrophobic properties to the substrates without a notable change in the friction behavior. We observed the correlations between the wetting and friction behaviors and average roughness of the coated samples. Analysis of the micrographs of the scratched surfaces reveals preliminary information about the durability and abrasion resistance of the coatings.
This paper reports on a superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic transformation of TiO2 nanoparticles doped zinc phosphate coating systems when a hydrophobic agent is applied. The objective of the reported research was to demonstrate the feasibility of a neutron imaging technique for evaluating the performance of the proposed nano-coating system and reveal the differences in water ingress mechanisms which are specific to plain, superhydrophilic, overhydrophobic, and superhydrophobic specimens. The engineered nano-coatings were designed to improve hydrophobic response with inducing the required roughness pattern and introducing the photocatalytic performance. The effectiveness of the coatings was assessed using high-resolution neutron imaging (HR-NI), SEM, CLSM, and XRD techniques. High-resolution neutron imaging revealed that the superhydrophobic coating effectively prevents water ingress into the porous ceramic substrate, whereas water imbibition was observed for superhydrophilic coating during the test duration. The moisture transport kinetics was modeled based on the Richards equation for plain ceramic and superhydrophilic specimens using obtained penetration depth values from HR-NI. SEM, CLSM, and XRD studies confirm the desired TiO2-doped zinc phosphate coatings with increased surface roughness, photocatalytic reactivity, and chemical bonding. The research results demonstrated that a two-layer superhydrophobic system is capable of creating effective water barriers on the surface with contact angles of 153°, which remained effective even after surface damage.
Porous ceramics are widely used for water filtering, improving heat transfer, supporting catalysts, vaporizing liquids, etc. Residential tiles used for water sealing are made from ceramic as well. Moisture infusion analysis based on Richard's equation is necessary to improve tile quality, and this analysis depends heavily on estimating the tile permeability. The current research demonstrates three techniques for calculating ceramic-tile permeability. The first technique is a theoretical model that requires information about the material's effective diameter and porosity that was obtained via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The second suggested technique is known as mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The pore size, density, pore volume, and porosity of the ceramic tiles, among other characteristics, are evaluated using mercury in this procedure. The experiment's pressure was varied from 0.1 to 60000 psi. These criteria were used to determine the tile's permeability. The last strategy addressed in this research is the falling-head permeameter (FHP) approach. This procedure involves inserting the specimen into a sealed transparent rectangular conduit. Water is then allowed to pass through it. The rate at which the water level in the duct recedes over time is associated with permeability. All the approaches yield permeability values that are in the same order-of-magnitude of 10 -16 m 2 .
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