Mobile devices are ubiquitous, and mobile-generated traffic is arguably a major component of today's web traffic. In particular, the use of smart-phones whilst commuting using public transport is a very popular and common practice in many countries. Mobile commuters however, often suffer from poor performance due to limited bandwidth and/or intermittent network coverage. This paper provides insights into the characteristics of web traffic generated by mobile commuters in these challenged conditions of public transportation systems.We use a dataset collected from 22 Inter-city Buses running on 6 different routes over 5 weeks in Sweden. By analyzing content similarity in time and across different routes, we discover a number of findings that reveal the existence of a spatio-temporal correlation of content popularity and that shed light on diurnal patterns of behavior of mobile commuters. We study popular content accessed by commuters and show that Social Networking and News content are predominant and are mutually exclusive. One of the salient findings is that mobile users' interest on buses is very concentrated, with 35% of the popular content solely accessed on a single day during the 5 weeks, and more than 70% of the popular content from a given day is accessed during one single hour of the day. We also observe high content similarity between specific routes which suggests that content caching within the bus can significantly improve user web experience. Our results indicate that based on the observed strong spatio-temporal correlation of content requests of mobile commuters, caching content inside the buses leads to a daily hit rate ranging from 10 to 20%, with a 20% savings of the daily bandwidth usage.
Service and application requirements on network resilience have increased over the past few years. New on-line services such as e-commerce and connection-oriented interactive real-time services require higher network resilience than the more traditional off-line services. Programmable virtual networks promise fast and easy provisioning of new services but no consideration to meet the diverse resilience requirements has been made. This paper discusses issues related to resilience-differentiation in programmable virtual networks. A set of general guidelines is presented that apply to resilience-differentiation in programmable virtual network architectures. A case study is used to illustrate how the proposed guidelines can be met by extending an existing programmable virtual network architecture.
The thrust of this study is to construct an MPLS test−bed using open hardware and software and later use this test−bed for experimenting various traffic engineering options available with MPLS. We have constructed a test−bed using Pentium PCs and Linux and used this test−bed to try a well−known MPLS traffic engineering feature of separating flows into multiple trunks. The purpose of this separation is to experimentally assess the quality of service benefits we can expect from MPLS networks. We experiment with a hierarchical separation structure where the first level of separation is based on the transport layer used (TCP or UDP). This high level separation prevents UDP from unfairly grabbing the available bandwidth from TCP applications. Since different applications using TCP have different needs, e.g., some might want high bandwidth while others are more sensitive to packet delay, the second level of separation is based on application type. The results from our open experimental test−bed confirms the intuitive results by demonstrating better QoS with the flow separation in the MPLS core.
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