The global increase in shipping activity has contributed to the degradation of air quality, which particularly affects traffic-dense port areas. Due to the environmental and public health impacts of air quality in port cities, a number of inventories using varying methodologies have been conducted over the past two decades to manage gas emissions in specific areas. The objective of this work is to determine one relevant methodology for estimating ship emissions in ports through a systematic review of the relevant literature. In this research, PRISMA guidelines were followed through a multi-layer bottom-up analysis approach to ensure the validity of the proposed methodology. The aforementioned methodology, as the end result of this research, is intended to provide an empirically structured basis for further development of a novel indexing model of ship gas emissions in port areas.
In anticipation of a new law that would regulate in detail, and in accordance with international standards and practice, the right of employees to strike, the author tries to consider certain important aspects of that right, as the basic form of collective action of employees. Therefore, the paper raises the issue of constitutionalization of the right to strike in domestic and comparative law, and at the same time problematizes the definition of the concept of strike by constitutional and legal norms. In order to better understand the problem, and in connection with the constitutionalization of the right to strike, using the comparative law method of research, special attention is paid to the constitutional guarantees of the right to strike in comparative law. Also, the author tries to theoretically determine the concept of strike, as well as to point out the important elements of the strike that are stated in certain scientific discussions. Finally, a critical review was given to the issue of regulating this right in our area in the period of self-governing socialism, when this right was not regulated by constitutional norms or a special law, and the similarities and differences between the concept of strike and the concept of work stoppage were analyzed.
Human error caused by the interaction and effect of fatigue, stress and anxiety in seafarers is the subject of this research. The human element is a major part of the maritime system. We used Bayesian networks to predict human error in maritime affairs by analysing interactions between people, technology, organisational and environmental factors which make up the specificity of the maritime system. Bayesian networks are graphical structures developed to represent the conditional dependencies among a number of variables and to make conditional conclusions related to the selected variables. Through the analysis of psychic causes such as stress, fatigue, anxiety and so on, the model can produce graphic diagrams indicating which rank on which type of vessel at which seafarers age contributes to an increase in conditional probability of human error. The contribution of the paper is to find the worst combinations of influencing variables that can lead to an increase in the risk of human error. The results show a significant level of fatigue and stress in all officers (engine and nautical), regardless of the type of vessel they serve. A strong presence of anxiety is also reported in all surveyed officers, with a higher degree between engine officers.
En février 2022, le gouvernement de la République de Serbie a pris la décision de décerner 20 Prix pour la contribution exceptionnelle à la culture nationale et à celle des minorités nationales, ceci presque 9 ans après leur dernière attribution en 2013 1 .
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