The food deficit that has prevailed for more than 50 years in the Algerian agricultural sector, the problem of land depletion due mainly to the regression of organic matter levels in soils generated by cereals fallow system, widely practiced in the Algerian semi-arid zones, and the evolution of the expectations of consumers, multiply to infinity the need to assess cropping systems sustainability. To reach this goal we have integrated 10 agro ecologic and economic indicators values into a global sustainability index (Sg) ranking from 0 to 1, applying continuous non-linear sustainability functions that use thresholds defining what is sustainable, unsustainable, or intermediate. Data needed to calculate the indicators was getting from face to face interview with farmers for 140 fields practicing 6 cereals-based cropping systems (cereal worked and pastured fallow, continues cereal, cereal potatoes, grain legumes or other crops) in Souk Ahras high plains region (east of Algeria).The evaluation results showed that cereal other crops and cereal potatoes systems have a better overall sustainability despite the fact that some of the indicators can be negatively impacted. Cereal worked fallow has the lowest sustainability. The high value of economic indicators; variable cost and gross income explain the first result, poor economic performance, and inadequate soil management make that cereal worked fallow has the lowest sustainability. Cereal grain legumes system is supported by the state as part of the program of resorption of fallow; but it has an intermediate durability, with high agro ecological performances, and moderate economic sustainability due to the lack of mastery of technical itinerary.
The bio-restoration project of the mercurial career of Guenicha zone operating in the region of Azzaba must not only take into account the potential of the site but also its integration into the surrounding landscape. To achieve this result we performed a qualitative estimation of the potentialities of the site to understand better the structuring of the space and these various affectations. We took into account the current occupation of grounds to locate the precious elements, the curiosities susceptible to remain constant in the landscape and to highlight sectors or zones of an exceptional fragility which we call "sensitive sectors or zone" where any intervention can influence the visual atmosphere of the landscape. The zoning allowed us to reveal two landscaped bulks represented by the plain of Azzaba and the career of Guenicha. At first time we identified their components. To increase the visibility of the site, we shall create the dominances which characterize them and we arrange the transitions between them. In the last we will link the study area with the surrounding landscape by offering the most sensible choice of a pardon to restore the soil and also achieve the integration with the surrounding landscape.
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