In lymph node positive breast cancer with presence of ENI, adverse prognostic parameters are more frequently encountered and has a worse overall survival compared to group without ENI.

Objective: Anal squamous cell carcinomas are one of the rare cancer types. Due to the developments in the past 35 years, surgery is no longer the first treatment of choice. The aim of this study was to retrospectively examine the outcomes of 24 patients treated in a single center in the last 21 years in terms of applied treatment, local relapse, distant metastasis, post-treatment complications, and survival. Material and Methods:Data obtained from 24 anal squamous cell carcinoma patients, who were treated in Ankara Oncology Research and Education Hospital between 1990 and 2010, were retrospectively evaluated. Results:Of the 24 patients, 16 had anal canal squamous cell carcinoma and eight had perianal squamous cell carcinoma. All of the patients with anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (n=16) received chemoradiotherapy. Three of these patients who did not respond to treatment, underwent abdominoperineal resection. The patients with perianal squamous cell tumors were treated by local excision. During the follow -ups, seven patients experienced local relapse, and one patient had distant organ metastasis. Only one patient died. Five-year disease free survival rate was found as 66%. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the first alternative in the treatment of anal squamous cell tumors should be chemoradiotherapy; and surgery seems to be the appropriate approach for the non-responsive and relapsing cases.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the number of metastatic lymph nodes (MLN) and other risk factors on survival in patients with pathological T3 (pT3) esophageal carcinoma who were treated by esophagectomy. We analyzed 70 patients who received primary curative resection for pT3 esophageal cancer from 1997 to 2011. The prognostic role of age, gender, tumor location, cell type, pathological lymph node status (pN), number of MLNs (<3 vs ≥3), metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR), type of resection, local recurrence, and distant metastasis on overall survival (OS) were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. Survival curves were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method and survival differences were assessed by log-rank test. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimum cut-off point for the MLR. The median follow-up time was 42 (range, 8-128) months, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates were 78.6%, 38.1%, and 22.5%, respectively. Tumor location, pN, the number of MLNs, local recurrence, and distant metastasis had a significant effect on OS in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate model, the number of MLNs (p=0.02; hazard ratio (HR), 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.1) and distant metastasis (p=0.007; HR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.5-16.8) were independent risk factors for OS. Patients with pT3 esophageal cancer who have 3 or more MLNs and distant metastasis have a poor OS, and this result can be used as a factor for better estimation of prognosis.

Amaç: Periampuller veya pankreas kanserlerinin küratif tedavisi için uygulanan pankreatikoduodenektomi deneyimini, sayi ve yogunlugunun az oldugu bir klinikte, ara §tirmaktir. Hastalar ve Yöntem: Ocak 1999 ile Aralik 2002 arasinda periampuller veya pankreas ba § ve boyun kanseri tamsiyla pankreatikoduodenektomi (Grup 1) veya palyatif cerrahi tedavi uygulanan hastalar (Grup 2), geriye dönük olarak, mortalité, morbidité ve sagkalim analizleri ile degerlendirildi. Sagkalim analizleri için Kaplan-Meier yöntemi kullamldi. Bulgular: Yirmi iki (%62.9) hastaya pankreatikoduodenektomi, 13 (%37.1) hastaya ise tanisal laparotomi ve palyatif cerrahi tedavi uygulandi. Grup 1 'deki hastalarda cerrahi mortalité %13.6, morbidité %34.6 olarak saptanirken, Grup 2'de mortalité ve morbidité saptanmadi. pankreatikoduodenektomi grubunda %52.6 oranmda hastalikta yerelya da uzakyineleme gözlenirken, palyasyon grubunda %100 oranmda hastalikta ilerleme gözlendi (p<0.0001). Medyan genel sagkalim süresl, Grup 1'de 41 (%95 GA: 28-56) ay, Grup 2'de 6 (%95 GA; 5-7) ay olarak bulundu (p<0.0001). ilk grupta 1-yillik genel sagkalim %76 (±0.09), 2-yillik genel sagkalim %61 (±0.1) ve 5-yillik genel sagkalim %46 (±0.1) idi, ikinci grupta ise 6-aylik genel sagkalim %31 (±0.1) iken 10aylik genel sagkalim yoktu (p<0.0001). Sonuç: Pankreatikoduodenektomi, bu çali §mada oldugu gibi, az sayida ve dü §ük yogunlukia yapildigi kliniklerde daha yüksek mortaliteye sahip olmasina ragmen, periampuller ve pankreas ba §-boyun kanserlerinin etkili tedavisidir ve genel sagkalim üzerine olumlu etki yapmaktadir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Periampuller kanser, pankreas kanseri, pankreatikoduodenektomi, mortalité, sagkalim. GÍRJ §Conciusion: Although, pancreaticoduodenectomy has a higher mortality in low-volume hospitals for pancreatic resection, as in this study, it still remains the most effective treatment in periampullary and pancreatic head and neck cancers and improves the clinical outcome.

No abstract

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes primarily responsible for regulation of the intracellular cyclic nucleotides. Among these enzymes, the type 4 PDE is highly expressed in most immune and inflammatory cells and its inhibition causes the suppression of immune and inflammatory cell activity, including production of cytokines. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the type 4 PDE inhibitor rolipram on acute pancreatitis in rats. Rats were divided into three groups--treatment, control, and sham. In the treatment and control groups, rats were pretreated with rolipram and vehicle before acute pancreatitis was induced. The pretreatment of rats with rolipram significantly reduced the amylase (P<0.0001) and IL-1β levels (P=0.002) compared to vehicle treated rats. Also, mean histopathological scores were significantly reduced by rolipram treatment (P<0.005). It can be concluded that rolipram ameliorates severity of pancreatitis in rats.