a b s t r a c tThe main objectives of this study were to (i) isolate newly autochthonous yeast strains from the Tikveš region of Macedonia and (ii) test their impact on the quality of red wines from Vranec and Cabernet Sauvignon grape varieties. The newly isolated yeast strains were obtained by spontaneous fermentation of grape must from Vranec and Cabernet Sauvignon varieties collected from ten different micro-regions in Macedonia. The grapevines from both varieties grown in ''Barovo" micro-region were the richest sources of yeast strains. In addition, the molecular identification and typing of strains were also carried out. The monomeric anthocyanins, polyphenolic content and other oenochemical characteristics of the wines were also compared with the wines from commercial yeast strain ''SiHa". The Vranec wine from yeast strain F-8 and Cabernet Sauvignon wine from yeast strain F-20 had significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentrations of monomeric anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds than other wines.

a b s t r a c tThe impact of enological practices (temperature, flipping and the inoculation amount of newly selected yeast F-78 from third-stage selection) on the level of monomeric anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds and the overall taste of fifteen red wines from Macedonian Vranec grape variety were studied. The most important factor which affects the level of monomeric anthocyanins was temperature. The inoculation amount had a positive influence on the phenolic extraction. More inoculation amount leads to faster ethanol formation and acceleration of the anthocyanins extraction. The flipping of the must during fermentation was controversial. The best wine-making procedure for production of the typical for the region high-extractive aged wines included a fermentation temperature of 20-24°C, intensive flipping (5-6 times/24 h), and inoculation quantity 3-4% and a fermentation on 20°C, medium flipping (3-4 times/24 h) and inoculation quantity 3-4% for production of commercial, young and easy to drink ''Beaujoulais" wines.

Grapes are one of the most economically important fruits in the world and are of considerable benefit to human health due to their phenolic compounds. The black ‘Isabel’ grape (V. vinifera L. xV. labrusca L.) is widely grown in the Black Sea region of Turkey, where it is attracting increasing interest. The aim of this study was to investigate phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and CUPRAC (CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity)) in the grape during berry development, which has been not reported yet from the region. A trend towards an increase in total phenolic compounds, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant capacity values was observed from un-ripened to overly ripened berries. In addition, anthocyanins in berries and proanthocyanidins seeds were characterized during berry development. Accordingly, malvidin-3-O-glucoside was the major anthocyanin in skin (1.05–1729 mg/kg fresh weight (fw)) and whole berry (0.23–895 mg/kg fw), followed by the content of peonidin-3-O-glucoside (0.98–799 mg/kg fw and 0.15–202 mg/kg fw, respectively). After veraison (onset of ripening or change of color in the grape berries), all proanthocyanidins showed a gradual decrease through ripening. The results showed that anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in the grape showed significant stage-dependent changes with positive or negative strong correlations. Considering the phenolic compounds, an optimum harvest date of the grape might be suggested between mid-September and mid-October (263 and 293 DAFBs).

SummarySome agro-biological and technological characteristics were determined for three Chardonnay clones selections, including 95, 124 and 277, cultivated in the Skopje vineyard region, the R. Macedonia (during the period from 2006 to 2008). A certificated seedling material was introduced from France in 1999/2000, cultivated and studied at the vineyards of the Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute of Agriculture, Skopje. The aim of the study was to apply optimal agrotechnical and ampelotechnical measures and to compare characteristics of the three Chardonnay clones (95,124,277) cultivated in the same agro-ecological conditions. Different values of the examined characteristics were observed because of the selection specification as well as the ecological conditions during the period of the study. It was found that the yield was most stable for the clone 277 with a coefficient of variable 14.4, and the biggest variation of 21.7 was noticed for the 124 clone. Considering the chemical composition, more significant variation was observed for sugar content in the grape must from the clone 277, while insignificant variations were noticed for total acids in the must of all clones studied. The content of alcohol in the wines ranged from 12.88 vol% in the clone 277 to 13.95 vol% in the clone 95 for the examined period, thus insignificant variations were found in the three clones. Wines from all three clones for the vintage 2006 had greater contents of total extract and, for the examined period, wines with most extract for the clones 95 (21,30 g/L) and 277 (21,20 g/L). The wine made from the 277 clone was with the highest wine-tasting rating of 17.97 points.