Background: The mental foramen is one of the two holes ("foramina") located on the anterior surface of the mandible. It permits passage of the mental nerve and vessels. The mental foramen descends slightly in edentulous individuals. Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of anatomy on 70 Adult North Indian dry Mandibles of unknown age and sex which were obtained from the osteology section of Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research & King George medical university. The Mandibles were observed macroscopically for the presence of mental foramen. Results: In our study we observed that the oval shape of mental foramen was 87.1% on right side and 88.6% on left side. Round mental foramen was observed to be 12.9% on the right side and 11.4% on left side. The Position of Mental foramen in relation to borders left side were found Central (87.1%), upper border (7.1%), lower side (5.7%) and right side Central (85.7%) , upper border (10%) and lower side (4.3%). Conclusions: Knowledge of the mental foramen and it's variation in different population is essential for dentists, orthopedicians and anatomists. A future prospect of interest lies in their possible contribution to the maxillofacial anthropologic characteristic identification for different population and races.
Objective:To find out the pattern of gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) in patients with post prandial distress syndrome (PDS).Methods:This study was carried out from January 2015 to July 2016 at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Kharian and Nuclear Medical Centre (NMC) of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi. Patient's inclusion criteria were dyspepsia of post prandial distress type for more than six months duration. Patients with dyspepsia due to epigastric pain syndrome and other organic disorder were excluded. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in all patients to rules out organic causes. Four-hour Gastric emptying scintigraphy was carried out at NMC, AFIP. Results were compiled and statistical assessment was done by utilizing SPSS IBM 22 version.Results:Thirty-eight patients were included in the study with age range from 15-72 years with mean age of 37.05±13.5 years. Males were 28(73.7%) and 10(26.7%) were female. Mean gastric retention with SD at one, two, three and four hours were 63 ± 19.04, 37± 20.62, 19±16.66 and 10±12.73 percent respectively. Early gastric emptying was in 3(7.89%) and delayed gastric emptying at two and four hours was seen in 4(10.52%) and 12(32%) respectively. Seventeen (44%) of the patients had normal gastric emptying despite the classical symptoms of PDS.Conclusion:Gastric dysmotility in GES seen in half of the patients points some additional mechanism as well like gastric accommodation or visceral hypersensitivity in the patients with PDS.
Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc labelled Ubiquicidin (29-41) SPECT/CT for detection of osteomyelitis in diabetic foot patients by taking bone biopsy as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study. Place and Duration of Study: Nuclear Medical Centre, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, from Apr 2017 to Mar 2018. Methodology: Study assessed 122 patients of both genders, aged between 30-80 years (mean age=55.3 years), presenting with diabetic foot ulcers having suspicion of osteomyelitis, by 99mTc-Ubiquicidin (29-41) SPECT/CT followed by bone biopsy (histopathology and culture) taken as gold standard. Results: Among 122 patients [94 male (77%) and 28 female (23%)], osteomyelitis was histopathologically confirmed in 113 patients. 107 out of these patients were positive for osteomyelitis on 99mTc-UBI (29-41) SPECT/CT (true positives) while 6 were false negative. Out of 9 patients declared negative for osteomyelitis on histopathology and culture, 8 were negative on 99mTc-UBI (29-41) SPECT/CT as well (true negative) while only 1 case came out to be positive (false positive). Thus, the 99mTc-UBI (29-41) scan showed 94.6% sensitivity, 88.89% specificity, 99% positive predictive value, 57% negative predictive value with overall 94.2% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: 99mTc labelled Ubiquicidin (29-41) SPECT/CT scan can precisely localize infective focus, in diabetic foot osteomyelitis, with simultaneous discrimination between bone and soft tissues.
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