The literature research indicated that inflammation is a part of epileptogenesis. For this reason, further studies are necessary for assessing agents that will be effective in clinical use for therapeutic treatment of epileptogenesis.

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Objectives: Schizophrenia is a disorder with different clinical features. Schizophrenia may start insidiously and slow and go on for many years. But the negative symptoms and deficiency symptoms leading to social deterioration may come to the forefront. All these factors are taken into consideration, our aim in this study was to examine the demographic and clinical effects of symptoms on schizophrenic patients who have not yet been treated. Methods: Eighty patients who were admitted to the Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, who did not have any previous antipsychotic medications and who did not use medications at the time of admission and who met the criteria for schizophrenia according to the DSM-5. Sociodemografic Data Form and the PANSS scale were used to assess the clinical status of the patients. Results: When the demographic characteristics of the participants were examined, 33 (41.2%) were female and 47 (58.8%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 31.08±9.37; mean education year was 8.76±3.53. When the patients participating in the study were evaluated in terms of gender, marital status, working status, smoking status, and family history, no statistical differences were found between the groups in terms of their PANSS scores (p>0.05). However, the PANSS Negative subscale scores (p<.001), general psychopathology scores (p=0.006), and total PANSS scores (p=0.003) were statistically significantly different between the three groups when the patients were untreated for 0-1 years, 1-5 years, and 5 years. Conclusions: In this study none of the sociodemographic factors we assessed had any effect on symptom severity. However, there are different results in the literature regarding gender, age, marital status and working status. Besides, it has been determined that the most important clinical manifestation in our study is the period without treatment. Further studies should identify demographic and clinical features that affect schizophrenic symptom changes.

Pyrazole is a heterocycle structure characterized by a five-membered ring of three carbon and two adjacent nitrogen atoms. Numerous compounds including pyrazole nucleus have been reported to possess wide diverse of pharmacological activities related to central nervous system. Based on this knowledge, in the present study, we planned to examine probable anxiolytic-like effects of eighteen 1,5-diaryl-3-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-4,5dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivative test compounds (2a-s) which previously synthesized by our research group. Material and Methods: Anxiolytic activity potential of the test compounds (100 mg/kg, i.p) was evaluated in mice using hole-board and plus-maze tests. An antagonism study was conducted with flumazenil (3 mg / kg, ip), a GABA-benzodiazepine receptor blocker, in order to investigate mechanism of the anxiolytic-like activities. Results: In the hole-board tests, compounds 2g, 2h, 2k and 2s significantly increased total number of the headdipping behavior and number of the explored holes. In the plus-maze tests, the same compounds increased the time spent in the open arms and the number of entries into the open arms. These findings indicated that these four compounds have anxiolytic-like effects. Reference drug diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p) also showed its anxiolytic activity in both of the tests, as expected. Conclusion: Benzodiazepine receptors mediated the anxiolytic-like effects of 2g, 2h, 2k and 2s coded 1,3,5triaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivative compounds. Amaç: Pirazol, üç karbon atomundan ve yan yana iki azot atomundan oluşan beş üyeli heterosiklik bir halka sistemidir. Literatürde pirazol çekirdeği taşıyan kimyasal bileşiklerin santral sinir sistemi üzerinde önemli bir etkinlik potansiyeli olduğuna ilişkin çok sayıda çalışmaya rastlamak mümkündür. Bu bilgiden hareketle, bu çalışmada, araştırma grubumuz tarafından sentezlenmiş olan onsekiz adet 1,5-diaril-3-[4-(metilsülfonil) fenil] -4,5-dihidro-1Hpirazol türevi bileşiğin (2a-s) olası ankiyolitik-benzeri aktiviteleri yönünden araştırılması planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Test bileşiklerinin (100 mg/kg, ip) anksiyolitik aktivite potansiyelleri, farelerde, delikli tahta ve yükseltilmiş artı-labirent testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Anksiyolitik-benzeri etkinliğe aracılık eden mekanizmaları araştırmak üzere GABA-A benzodiazepin reseptör blokörü flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p) ile antagonizma çalışması yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Serideki 2g, 2h, 2k ve 2s kodlu bileşikler, farelerin delikli tahta testlerinde ölçülen toplam baş daldırma ve keşfedilen delik sayılarını anlamlı olarak artırmıştır. Aynı bileşikler, yükseltilmiş artı-labirent testi uygulanan farelerin hem açık kola giriş sayılarını hem de açık kolda kalma sürelerini anlamlı biçimde artırmıştır. Bu bulgular, söz konusu dört bileşiğin anksiyolitik-benzeri etkilere sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Diğer yandan, referans ilaç olarak kullanılan diazepam (1 mg / kg, ip) da hem delikli tahta hem de yükseltilmiş artı-labirent testlerinde beklenen anksiyolitik aktiviteyi göstermiştir. Sonuç: 2g,...

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