We examined the ability of human observers to discriminate between different 3-D quadratic surfaces defined by motion, and with head position fed back to the stimulus to provide an up-todate dynamical perspective view. We tested whether 3-D shape or 3-D curvature would affect discrimination performance. It appeared that discrimination of 3-D quadratic shape clearly depended on shape but not on the amount of curvature. Even when the amount of curvature was randomized, subjects' performance was not altered. On the other hand, the discrimination of 3-D curvature clearly depended linearly on curvature with Weber fractions of 20% on the average and, to a small degree, on 3-D shape. The experiment shows that observers can easily separate 3-D shape and 3-D curvature, and that Koenderink's shape index and curvedness provide a convenient way to specify shape. These results warn us against using just any arbitrary 3-D shape in 3-D shape perception tasks and indicate, for example, that emphasizing 3-D shape in computer displays by exaggerating curvature does not have any effect.Since Wallach and O'Connell (1953) demonstrated that three-dimensional (3-D) shape could be extracted from orthographic projections of rotating objects, there have been numerous studies of this phenomenon, which is commonly known as the kinetic depth effect. Such psychophysical studies include, for example, those on object rigidity (Todd, 1984), perceived depth or curvature (Dosher, Landy, & Sperling, 1989;Norman & Lappin, 1992;Saidpour, Braunstein, & Hoffman, 1992), minimal conditions for the perception of 3-D shape from motion in multidot displays (Sperling, Landy, Dosher, & Perkins, 1989;Todd & Norman, 1991;Treue, Husain, & Andersen, 1991), projection methods (Todd, 1984), and token dependency (Landy, Dosher, Sperling, & Perkins, 1991).The most common way to study the phenomenon of 3-D shape from motion is to use random dot cinematograms of moving 3-D objects. The objects under study are mostly cylinders, planes, or spheres. There is no reason to assume that the results of these studies hold for all kinds of 3-D shapes, but most studies have not included a wide range of shapes or curvature values. On the other hand, the importance of a multiobject study has been pointed out by several authors. Norman and Lappin (1992) reported differences in discriminability between cylinders and spheres, spheres and planes, and cylinders and planes. for example, might have certain heuristic topological characteristics that would make them special objects, not suitable for a generalization to other 3-D objects. It has to be examined yet what exactly these "heuristic" properties are. It is well possible that a certain systematic 3-D shape dependency in structure from motion is responsible for this effect. A quantitative examination of 3-D shape perception obviously requires a mathematical defInition on-D shape. On the other hand, if we want to study 3-D shape perception in psychophysical experiments, this definition must be in some way ecologically valid so that ...