The paper describes the approach, addresses integration challenges and discusses capabilities of the Hybrid Powertrain-in-the-Loop (H-PIL) facility for the series/hydrostatic hydraulic hybrid system. We describe the simulation of the open-loop and closed-loop hydraulic hybrid systems in H-PIL and its use for concurrent engineering and development of advanced supervisory strategies. The configuration of the hydraulic-hybrid system and details of the hydraulic circuit developed for the H-PIL integration are presented. Next, software and hardware interfaces between the real components and virtual systems are developed, and special attention is given to linking component-level controllers and system-level supervisory control. The H-PIL setup allows imposing realistic dynamic loads on hydraulic pump/motors and accumulator based on vehicle driving schedule. Application of fast analyzers allows characterization of the impact of dynamic interactions in the propulsion system on engine-out emissions. Therefore, the H-PIL facility allows optimization of the hybrid system for both high-efficiency and low emissions. The impetus is provided by previous work showing that more than half of the soot emissions from a conventional diesel powertrain over the urban driving schedule can be attributed to transients. The setup includes a 6.4L V-8 International diesel engine, highly dynamic dynamometer, Radial piston pump/motors supplied by Bosch-Rexroth and dSPACE real-time environment with in-house developed simulation of the virtual vehicle.
The simulation-based investigation of the variable displacement engine is motivated by a desire to enable unthrottled operation at part load, and hence eliminate pumping losses. The mechanism modeled in this work is derived from a Hefley engine concept. Other salient features of the proposed engine are turbocharging and cylinder deactivation. The cylinder deactivation combined with variable displacement further expands the range of unthrottled operation, while turbocharging increases the power density of the engine and allows downsizing without the loss of performance. While the proposed variable displacement turbocharged engine (VDTCE) concept enables operations in a very wide range, running near idle is impractical. Therefore, the VDTCE is integrated with a hybrid powertrain allowing flexibility in operating the engine, elimination of idling and mitigation of possible issues with engine transients and mode transitions. The engine model is developed in AMESim using physical principles and 1-D gas dynamics. A predictive model of the power-split hydraulic hybrid driveline is created in SIMULINK, thus facilitating integration with the engine. The integrated simulation tool is utilized to address design and control issues, before determining the fuel economy potential of the powertrain comprising a VDTCE engine and a hydraulic hybrid driveline.
The simulation based investigation of the variable displacement engine is motivated by a de,sire to enable unthrottled operation at part load, and hence eliminate pumping losses. The mechanism modeled in this work is derived from a Hefley engine concept. Other salient features of the proposed engine are turbocharging and cylinder deactivation. The cylinder deactivation combined with variable displacement further expands the range of unthrottled operation, whereas turbocharging increases the power density of the engine and allows downsizing without the loss of performance. Although the proposed variable displacement turbocharged engine (VDTCE) concept enables operations in a very wide range, running tiear idle is impractical. Therefore, the VDTCE is integrated with a hybrid powertiain to mitigate issues with engine transients and mode transitions. The engine model is developed in AMEStM using physics based models, such as thermodynamic cycle simulation, filling and emptying of manifolds, and turbulent fiame entrainment combustion. A predictive model of the power-split hydraulic hybrid driveline is created in stMU-UNK, thus facilitating integration with the engine. The integrated simulation tool is utilized to address design and control issues, before determining the fuel economy potential of the powertrain comprising a VDTCE engine and a hydraulic hybrid driveline.
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