fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThis study measured the liquid fallback during simulated blowout conditions. The purpose of the study was to establish a basis for developing a procedure for controlling blowouts that relies on the accumulation of liquid kill fluid injected while the well continues to flow.The results from experiments performed with air and water in an experimental 48 ft flow loop at 0°, 20°, 40°, 60° and 75° deviation angles from the vertical are presented. The results show that the critical velocity that prevents control fluid accumulation can be predicted by Turner's model of terminal velocity based on the liquid droplet theory by also considering the flow regime of the continuous phase when evaluating the drag coefficient, as well as the angle of deviation from the vertical. Similarly, the amount of liquid that flows countercurrent into and accumulates in the well can be predicted based on the concept of zero net liquid flow (ZNLF) holdup.
This study measured the liquid fallback during simulated blowout conditions. The purpose of the study was to establish a basis for developing a procedure for controlling blowouts that relies on the accumulation of liquid kill fluid injected while the well continues to flow. The results from full-scale experiments performed with natural gas and water based drilling fluid in a vertical 2787-foot deep research well are presented. The results show that the critical velocity that prevents control fluid accumulation can be predicted by adapting Turner’s model of terminal velocity based on the liquid droplet theory to consider the flow conditions, velocity and properties of the continuous phase when determining the drag coefficient. Similarly, the amount of liquid that flows countercurrent into and accumulates in the well can be predicted based on the concept of zero net liquid flow (ZNLF) holdup.
fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe "Dynamic Kill" technique has been used to perform offbottom kills of both, surface and underground blowouts. Usually these kills are designed under the assumption that no kill fluid falls below the injection depth into the upward flow of the formation fluid. If this conservative assumption indicates that the kill is possible to achieve, the operator can confidently proceed with the field operations. However in some cases, calculations under this assumption will indicate that the kill is not possible, discarding a valuable potential solution to the problem. Recently completed research on counter-current flow of kill fluid falling through formation fluid that is flowing upward is applied here to off-bottom blowout wells. This study presents a procedure for controlling off-bottom blowout wells. It relies on the accumulation of liquid kill fluid injected while the well continues to flow to increase bottom hole pressure and assist in killing the well. The method is based on:1. The critical velocity that prevents control fluid accumulation which can be predicted by a new adaptation of Turner's model of terminal velocity (based on the liquid droplet theory.) This new model considers the flow regime of the continuous phase when evaluating the drag coefficient and the angle of deviation from the vertical. 2. The amount of liquid that flows countercurrent into and accumulates within the well, which can be predicted based on the concept of Zero Net Liquid Flow (ZNLF) holdup. These two concepts are integrated in the dynamic kill procedure, which is based on system performance analysis to better predict the feasibility of an off-bottom dynamic kill. These concepts were validated with full-scale experiments in a
The production of oil and gas will continue to be the most important components of the energy industry for the next several decades. The increasing demand for hydrocarbons is moving oil-industry operators to explore all possibilities for increasing oil and gas production. This includes exploring unconventional resources and investigating unconventional well architecture. These approaches include drilling in low-permeability oil and tight-gas formations. The use of multilateral and horizontal wells has been increasing. Fracturing horizontal wells has gained significant acceptance. Multilateral wells where the various laterals have complex paths are gaining momentum as a viable way of producing hydrocarbon reservoirs. Analytical and semi-analytical solutions for horizontal and multilaterals wells have been presented in the literature. Because of the complexity of the problem those solutions greatly simplify the problem to the extent that they are usually of limited value and application. The complexity of the actual reservoirs and well trajectory under mature conditions require more advanced solutions to realistically simulate well trajectories and well completions like acid fracturing and hydraulic fractures. Realistic simulation of complex reservoirs and wells will enable better economic analysis and decisions, provided that simulation is outstanding. In this paper we first discuss our simulation approach that balances the goal of reaching realistic simulation while maintaining the practicality of an engineering approach. We also present several case histories of production analysis for multilaterals and horizontal wells using a robust, stable numerical simulator, multiple-block well completion and local refinements. Introduction Multilateral wells represent the advanced state of the art in drilling technology; in addition, the oil and gas industry has made a dramatic improvement in well performance. Multilateral wells place more than one borehole in contact with the reservoir. While they cost more than conventional single-hole wells, they deliver much greater production, letting operators increase the recovery factor and reduce well count, while reducing the development cost per barrel. From the drilling side, we consider four factors that help in multilateral technology:Rotary steerable systems with 100% variable deflection without hydraulic dependency.Navigation technology with advanced point-the-bit and on-the-fly control with computer systems and real-time communications links between the surface and rotary steerable tools for high-speed control of deflection.The logging while drilling (LWD) and measurement while drilling (MWD) tools, with data letting operators take total control of drilling parameters from surface and bottom.Real-time operation and evaluation that allow operators to use remote control of the operation by multidisciplinary teams. Innovations in rotary steerable tool technology have expanded its use to multilateral wells. Fig. 1 illustrates the key components.
fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThis study measured the liquid fallback during simulated blowout conditions. The purpose of the study was to establish a basis for developing a procedure for controlling blowouts that relies on the accumulation of liquid kill fluid injected while the well continues to flow.The results from experiments performed with air and water in an experimental 48 ft flow loop at 0°, 20°, 40°, 60° and 75° deviation angles from the vertical are presented. The results show that the critical velocity that prevents control fluid accumulation can be predicted by Turner's model of terminal velocity based on the liquid droplet theory by also considering the flow regime of the continuous phase when evaluating the drag coefficient, as well as the angle of deviation from the vertical. Similarly, the amount of liquid that flows countercurrent into and accumulates in the well can be predicted based on the concept of zero net liquid flow (ZNLF) holdup.
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