Nitric oxide (NO), the product of the nitric oxide synthase enzymes has been detected in Leishmania-infected animals. Besides its role on the immunity to infection, the role of NO and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the pathogenesis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is not well understood. This study aimed at evaluating immunohistochemically the iNOS expression in the spleen of dogs naturally infected (ID) with Leishmania (L.) chagasi compared with non-infected dogs (NID). The ID was grouped according to the clinical form and the parasite load. Symptomatic dogs (SD) presented higher parasite load in relation to oligosymptomatic (OD) and asymptomatic (AD). The qualitative expression of iNOS was observed only in ID. SD presented strong and prominent labeling of iNOS, followed by OD and AD. Quantitatively, the results showed that the median expression of iNOS was higher in SD and OD compared to NID. Also, dog spleens with high parasitism load showed marked iNOS expression. Taken together, the results suggest that the expression of iNOS in the spleen of infected dogs with CVL was associated with clinical worsening of the disease and with high parasitism.
O cenário dos traumas por causas externas no Brasil é considerado a terceira causa de morte na população geral. Perdendo apenas para as neoplasias e as doenças cardiovasculares. Buscou-se apresentar o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas de trauma atendidas em pronto socorro hospitalar do sul do Piauí, no período de julho de 2020 a agosto de 2021. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo do tipo longitudinal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, no qual apresenta o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes vítimas de trauma. Foram encontrados 1.470 prontuários que se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão do estudo, sendo assim coletados os dados. Das 1.470 vítimas de trauma por acidente de trânsito que entraram no estudo, 1207 (82,1%) são do sexo masculino, e 263 (17,9%) do sexo feminino. A cor de pele predominante foi a parda, com atendimentos no turno da noite, aos domingos com pico no mês dezembro de 2020. O transporte mais utilizado e envolvido nos acidentes foi a motocicleta. A proporção de vezes em que um homem sofre algum tipo de trauma em decorrência de acidente no trânsito é 4,5 vezes maior do que comparado com as mulheres.
Distribuição espaço-temporal das ocorrências obstétricas socorridas pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência Space-temporal distribution of obstetric occurrences reserved by the mobile emergency servisse
Micilane Nascimento dos SantosEste trabalho está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons -Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional.O conteúdo abordado nos artigos, seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores.
Introduction: Injuries or any other health problems with sudden onset, generated by violence or other exogenous cause, are called external causes (EC). The indicator Potential Years of Life Lost - PYLL expresses the impact of early deaths in relation to the life expectancy for a given population. ECs were the major causes of death in children aged 1 to 9 years with 1,037 deaths (19.38%). Objective: To determine PYLL by EC among children aged 1 to 9 years in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective, longitudinal study with a quantitative approach. Its scenario is the State of Piauí. The population and sample were composed of deaths from EC registered in the Mortality Information System - MIS from Brazil, which occurred in children in the intended age group. For data analysis, the method that establishes a limit age for the calculation of PYLL was used, based on the average life of the population. Results: In Piauí between January 2000 and December 2018, there were 1,037 deaths (11.67%). The highest number of PYLL was found among male children, aged 5 to 9 years. Deaths caused by drowning were predominant, with 258 deaths (24.9%), being responsible for 16,857 PYLL, followed by accidents with pedestrians, with 184 deaths (17.8%), adding up to 11,911.5 years. Conclusion: Accidental drowning and submersion and pedestrian accidents predominate as the main EC. It can be estimated that 67,581 years of life for children aged 1 to 9 years were lost by EC in Piauí.
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