This paper examines the validity of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students-short version (ASSIST; Tait et al. in Improving student learning: Improving students as learners, 1998), to be used with Portuguese undergraduate students. The ASSIST was administrated to 566 students, in order to analyse a Portuguese version of this inventory. Exploratory factor analysis (principal axis factor analysis followed by direct oblimin rotation) reproduced the three main factors that correspond to the original dimensions of the inventory (deep, surface apathetic and strategic approaches to learning). The results are consistent with the background theory on approaches to learning. Additionally, the reliability analysis revealed acceptable internal consistency indexes for the main scales and subscales. This inventory might represent a valuable research tool for the assessment of approaches to learning among Portuguese higher education students.

An approach to the problem of autonomous mobile robot obstacle avoidance using Reinforcement Learning, more precisely Q-Learning, is presented in this paper. Reinforcement Learning in Robotics has been a challenging topic for the past few years. The ability to equip a robot with a powerful enough tool to allow an autonomous discovery of an optimal behavior through trial-and-error interactions with its environment has been a reason for numerous deep research projects. In this paper, two different Q-Learning approaches are presented as well as an extensive hyperparameter study. These algorithms were developed for a simplistically simulated Bot'n Roll ONE A (Fig. 1). The simulated robot communicates with the control script via ROS. The robot must surpass three levels of iterative complexity mazes similar to the ones presented on RoboParty [1] educational event challenge. For both algorithms, an extensive hyperparameter search was taken into account by testing hundreds of simulations with different parameters. Both Q-Learning solutions develop different strategies trying to solve the three labyrinths, enhancing its learning ability as well as discovering different approaches to certain situations, and finishing the task in complex environments.

The global population is ageing at an unprecedented rate. With changes in life expectancy across the world, three major issues arise: an increasing proportion of senior citizens; cognitive and physical problems progressively affecting the elderly; and a growing number of single-person households. The available data proves the ever-increasing necessity for efficient elderly care solutions such as healthcare service and assistive robots. Additionally, such robotic solutions provide safe healthcare assistance in public health emergencies such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). CHARMIE is an anthropomorphic collaborative healthcare and domestic assistant robot capable of performing generic service tasks in non-standardised healthcare and domestic environment settings. The combination of its hardware and software solutions demonstrates map building and self-localisation, safe navigation through dynamic obstacle detection and avoidance, different human-robot interaction systems, speech and hearing, pose/gesture estimation and household object manipulation. Moreover, CHARMIE performs end-to-end chores in nursing homes, domestic houses, and healthcare facilities. Some examples of these chores are to help users transport items, fall detection, tidying up rooms, user following, and set up a table. The robot can perform a wide range of chores, either independently or collaboratively. CHARMIE provides a generic robotic solution such that older people can live longer, more independent, and healthier lives.

This paper describes the design and development of an autonomous robotic manipulator with four degrees of freedom. The manipulator is named RACHIE-"Robotic Arm for Collaboration with Humans in Industrial Environment". The idea was to create a smaller version of the industrial manipulators available on the market. The mechanical and electronic components are presented as well as the software algorithms implemented on the robot. The manipulator has as its primary goal the detection and organization of cans by color and defects. The robot can detect a human operator so it can deliver defective cans by collaborating with him/her on an industrial environment. To be able to perform such task, the robot has implemented a machine learning algorithm, a Haar feature-based cascade classifier, on its vision system to detect cans and humans. On the handler motion, direct and inverse kinematics were calculated and implemented, and its equations are described in this paper. This robot presents high reliability and robustness in the task assigned. It is low-cost as it is a small version of commercial ones, making it optimized for smaller tasks.

No presente trabalho apresentamos uma reflexão em torno da empregabilidade dos diplomados do Ensino Superior. Considerando a pertinência e actualidade do tema, é nossa intenção uma melhor compreensão em relação às questões decorrentes de um mundo cada vez mais globalizado e outras, inerentes à problemática da convergência europeia quanto à formação e qualificação de nível superior. Fizemos o exame de alguns aspectos que remetem para as questões da globalização, sendo apresentados alguns indicadores comparativos nos países da União Europeia. Neste âmbito são destacados factores relativos aos diversos sistemas de ensino, às qualificações académicas e às competências profissionais. São também tecidas algumas considerações sobre os factores de empregabilidade dos diplomados em Portugal, tendo como pano de fundo Bolonha e Praga, bem como as novas exigências do mercado de trabalho no quadro de um novo paradigma de aprendizagem e de formação. Para uma melhor compreensão do fenómeno, os dados de alguns estudos realizados no nosso País serão alvo de uma meta-análise.

The robot gathers sensorial information and processes using neural networks, actuating in real time. The robot's two arms allow object and machine interaction. Its anthropomorphic structure is advantageous since machines are designed and optimized for human interaction. Sound output allows it to relay information to workers and provide feedback. Allying these features with communication with a database or remote operator results in establishment of a bridge between the physical environment and virtual domain. The goal is an increase in information flow and accessibility. This paper presents the current state of the project, intended features and how it can contribute to the development of Industry 4.0. Focus is given to already finished work, detailing the methodology used for two of the robot's subsystems: locomotion system; lower limbs of the robot.

Forward kinematics is one of the main research fields in robotics, where the goal is to obtain the position of a robot’s end-effector from its joint parameters. This work presents a method for achieving this using a recursive algorithm that builds a 3D computational model from the configuration of a robotic system. The orientation of the robot’s links is determined from the joint angles using Euler Angles and rotation matrices. Kinematic links are modeled sequentially, the properties of each link are defined by its geometry, the geometry of its predecessor in the kinematic chain, and the configuration of the joint between them. This makes this method ideal for tackling serial kinematic chains. The proposed method is advantageous due to its theoretical increase in computational efficiency, ease of implementation, and simple interpretation of the geometric operations. This method is tested and validated by modeling a human-inspired robotic mobile manipulator (CHARMIE) in Python.

Tendo por base o trabalho de Entwistle e colaboradores sobre a forma como os estudantes do ensino superior percepcionam e vivem as experiências de aprendizagem, foram objectivos centrais do presente trabalho, por um lado, conhecer e analisar os significados atribuídos por estudantes à aprendizagem, ao estudo e às preferências por tipos de ensino e, neste sentido, perceber de que forma os estudantes conceptualizam o que lhes é exigido em termos de aprendizagem na universidade; e por outro, compreender se serão divergentes as abordagens ao estudo e as concepções de aprendizagem de estudantes de diferentes áreas científicas e anos. Foram consideradas as percepções dos estudantes em relação ao ambiente de ensino-aprendizagem, entendidas como indicadores que influenciam o que os estudantes pensam sobre o ensino, o estudo e a aprendizagem (preferências por tipos de aulas e de ensino). Considerando a proximidade dos constructos, quisemos ainda relacionar as abordagens à aprendizagem com as concepções de aprendizagem (reprodutivas e significativas) e com a preferência por formas de ensino e de instrução diversificadas. Foi também nossa intenção definir perfis em função das formas como os estudantes abordam o estudo e a aprendizagem. O estudo realizado assume uma natureza descritiva, correlacional e não experimental, tendo sido desenvolvido com 568 estudantes de uma instituição universitária do sul do país. Os resultados obtidos permitem-nos afirmar a existência de algumas diferenças significativas em função do ano e do domínio científico, bem como identificar perfis dissonantes em termos das formas como os estudantes abordam o estudo e a aprendizagem. Palavras-chave:Abordagens ao estudo; ASSIST; Concepções de aprendizagem; Estudantes universitários. INTRODUÇÃOA investigação (Valadas, 2007;Valadas & Ribeiro Gonçalves, 2008; Valadas, Ribeiro Gonçalves, & Faísca, 2009a,b) que apresentamos neste artigo tem na base o trabalho desenvolvido por Entwistle e colaboradores sobre as concepções de aprendizagem e as abordagens ao estudo, bem como as investigações mais relevantes decorrentes do trabalho destes autores.Enquanto variável determinante do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, a forma como os estudantes do ensino superior aprendem e constroem conhecimento sobre as tarefas que têm que 369A correspondência relativa a este artigo deverá ser enviada para: