ResumenCon la finalidad de evaluar el establecimiento de cinco cultivos de cobertura y determinar su aporte potencial a la fertilidad del suelo en función a la extracción total de nutrientes, se instaló un experimento en la Estación Experimental "El Choclino" del Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales, ubicado en la región de San Martín, Perú. Cinco cultivos de cobertura fueron sembrados: Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg, Calopogonium mucunoides (L.), Callisia repens (Jacq.) L., Canavalia ensiformis (L.) y Centrosema macrocarpum Benth. El porcentaje de cobertura alcanzado por Canavalia, fue significativamente superior a los demás cultivos, logrando el cubrimiento total del suelo a los 90 días después de la siembra. La mayor producción de biomasa foliar y radicular sobre la base de materia seca, se consiguió con Centrosema (9.61 t ha-1 y 2.76 t ha-1, respectivamente). Las cantidades de Nitrógeno (311 kg ha-1), Fósforo (24.97 kg ha-1) y Potasio (155.61 kg ha-1) extraídas por Centrosema fue significativamente mayor a las extraídas por las otras coberturas. Para las condiciones del ensayo, Canavalia fue el cultivo de cobertura más apropiado como herramienta de manejo para reducir el crecimiento de vegetación espontanea y proteger al suelo de la erosión al cubrir el suelo en menor tiempo. Para mejorar la fertilidad del suelo a través del reciclaje de nutrientes se recomienda usar Centrosema, por presentar la mayor capacidad extractiva de nutrientes del suelo y producir más cantidad de materia seca. AbstractIn order to evaluate the establishment of five cover crops and their potential to increase soil fertility through nutrient uptake, an experiment was installed at the Research Station of Choclino, San Martin, Peru. Five cover crops were planted: Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg, Calopogonium mucunoides (L.), Callisia repens (Jacq.) L., Canavalia ensiformis (L.) and Centrosema macrocarpum Benth. The percentage of cover of Canavalia, was significantly higher than the others, reaching total cover at 90 days after planting. The highest above and below ground dry biomass was for Centrosema (9.61 t ha-1 y 2.76 t ha-1, respectively). The rates of Nitrogen (311 kg ha-1), Phosphorous (24.97 kg ha-1) and Potassium (155.61 kg ha-1) extracted by Centrosema were significatively higher than the other cover crops. Therefore, the most appropriate cover crop under the study conditions was Canavalia allowing it to be used as a management tool to reduce spontaneous vegetation growth and to protect the soil from erosion by covering it in less time. To improve soil fertility through nutrient cycling the use of Centrosema is recommended due to its highest nutrient extraction capacity and dry biomass production.
Aim of the study: We analysed the effects of thinning intensity and canopy type on Scots pine growth and stand dynamics in a mixed Scots pine-beech forest.Area of the study: Western Pyrenees. Material and methods:Three thinning intensities were applied in 1999 (0, 20 and 30% basal area removed) and 2009 (0, 20 and 40%) on 9 plots. Within each plot, pure pine and mixed pine-beech patches are distinguished. All pine trees were inventoried in 1999, 2009 and 2014. The effects of treatments on the tree and stand structure variables (density, basal area, stand and tree volume), on the periodic annual increment in basal area and stand and tree volume, and on mortality rates, were analysed using linear mixed effects models.Main Results: The enhancement of tree growth was mainly noticeable after the second thinning. Growth rates following thinning were similar or higher in the moderate than in the severe thinning. Periodic stand volume annual increments were higher in the thinned than in the unthinned plots, but no differences were observed between the thinned treatments. We observed an increase in the differences of the Tree volume annual increment between canopy types (mixed < pure) over time in the unthinned plots, as beech crowns developed. Research highlights: Moderate thinning is suggested as an appropriate forest practice at early pine age in these mixed forests, since it produced higher tree growth rates than the severe thinning and it counteracted the negative effect of beech on pine growth observed in the unthinned plots.
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