Child malnutrition is an important public health problem in Argentina, both as a primary cause of mortality/morbidity and associated with different pathologies that affect children. However, little is known about its magnitude, trends and spatial distribution. This article seeks to detect such situations considering different geographic scales. A quantitative approach was applied, systematizing vital statistics (mortality), hospital discharges (morbidity), and low birth weight (natality) in children 0-4 years of age. Accordingly, the information sources used were mortality statistics (1999-2013), hospital discharge statistical records (2000, 2005-2011) and live birth statistics (1999-2012) provided by the Office of Statistics and Health Information (DEIS) [Dirección de Estadísticas e Información de Salud] of the National Ministry of Health. The results show differences according to the scale considered. The conclusions highlight the necessity of integrating the different sources of information analyzed in order to provide a more general overview of a problem that, albeit in decline, still registers high magnitudes in the most vulnerable areas. In this way, certain areas of northern Argentina evidence worse conditions, requiring immediate attention be paid to issues of poverty and child health.
El presente estudio aborda la problemática de la fragmentación social en la Argentina. La noción de fragmentación asocia componentes espaciales y dimensiones económico-sociales y políticas. Esta problemática se expresa en el marco territorial, entendiendo como tal la relación entre naturaleza y sociedad a lo largo del tiempo. En este contexto, se propone el uso de una herramienta que permita detectar la distribución espacial de las condiciones de vida como una aproximación al conocimiento de dicha fragmentación socioterritorial. Al mismo tiempo, a través del concepto de brecha, nos aproximamos también a su proceso histórico. La fragmentación se expresa en lo que llamamos, al menos provisoriamente, las dos Argentinas, definidas sobre la base del Índice Sintético de Condiciones de Vida (iscv) aplicado en el año 2001. Estos territorios albergarían en su interior distintas sociedades y diferentes problemas que requerirían un marco de análisis concreto que permita generar soluciones específicas. Una versión previa de este trabajo fue presentada para su discusión en el 54º Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, desarrollado en Viena, Austria, entre el 15 y 20 de julio de 2012. Este artículo está dedicado a la memoria de Alfredo Bolsi, fallecido recientemente, quien logró articular en nosotros la imagen del maestro y el amigo.
A 44-week clinical study was carried out on a large sample of the Italian infant population to measure the incidence of diaper (napkin) dermatitis and to identify the factors related to the development of diaper dermatitis. Factors such as age, sex, the presence of atopic dermatitis, the general state of health of the child, the use of drugs and the type of diaper used were recorded. At the end of the test, 2169 clinical dermatological examinations were performed. The frequency of episodes of diaper dermatitis was 15.2%. Statistical correlations between diaper dermatitis and age, presence of atopic dermatitis, and health conditions were found.
RESUMEN: En este artículo se presentan las principales magnitudes y tendencias que caracterizan a la desnutrición en la niñez argentina en los primeros años del siglo XXI. Para abordar este problema se elaboró un indicador denominado Tasa Integral de Mortalidad por Desnutrición en la Niñez (TIMDN); se trata de un indicador de mortalidad que incluye tanto las causas directas de desnutrición (Kwashiorkor, marasmo, etc.) como aquellas asociadas a este problema, muchas veces contributarias al cuadro nutricional. Se destacan entre estas causas las patologías infecciosas, diarreas, sarampión, parasitismo, bronquiolitis, neumonía, entre otras. El análisis multi-escala diacrónico y sincrónico permitió detectar brechas, asimetrías y comportamientos diferenciados tanto en la escala provincial como regional. En efecto, pudo observarse que, mientras la tasa nacional disminuyó, operaron diferentes comportamientos tanto regionales, con distintas magnitudes y tendencias, como provinciales, con algunos casos incluso de estancamiento y aumento de la desnutrición; esto resulta contrario a lo operado en el marco nacional y relacionado con un proceso de contra-transición epidemiológica señalado para el caso argentino. Con los resultados hallados se espera colaborar en la ejecución de políticas públicas específicas para aminorar y/o erradicar el problema de la desnutrición en las provincias argentinas, atendiendo a las especificidades que le son propias en cada territorio. Palabras Clave: desnutrición infantil, Argentina, siglo XXI, pobreza ABSTRACT: In this article the main magnitudes and trends that characterize childhood malnutrition in Argentina in the early years of this century are presented. To address this problem we developed an indicator called Integral Rate of Mortality in Childhood Malnutrition (TIMDN), an indicator of mortality which includes the direct causes of malnutrition (kwashiorkor, marasmus, etc.) as those associated with this problem, often contributory to nutritional frame. Prominent among these contributory causes we found: infectious diseases, diarrhea, measles, parasitism, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, among others. The multiscale analysis (diachronic and synchronic) has detected gaps, asymmetries and different behaviors in both the provincial and regional levels. Indeed, it was observed that while the national rate decreased, there have operated different regional behaviors, with different magnitudes and trends, as well as different provincial behaviours, with some cases of stagnation and increased malnutrition, contrary to what operated in the national framework and related contrast with epidemiological transition process, designated for the Argentine case. With the founded results, it is expected to collaborate in the implementation of specific public policies to reduce and / or to eliminate the problem of malnutrition in the provinces, meeting the specific needs for each territory. A Joaquín y TobíasA fines de la primera década del siglo XXI, los países de América Latina en general y Argentina en ...
Childhood death from malnutrition reached unexpected dimensions in the transition from the 20th to the 21st century in Argentina. In this work the magnitude of the problem, the spatial distribution of malnutrition and the major changes in its distribution between 1999 and 2008, both at provincial and departmental levels, are analysed. The results show a decrease at both the national and provincial level, but at the departmental level the rate rose, countering national and provincial trends. Some jurisdictions detected are in a notoriously critical situation, where the magnitude of the rate is among the highest in Argentina. This diagnosis worsened as the rate increased during the decade. The evidence provides a wide scope for public policies that seek to improve the living conditions of the population in general and children in particular.
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