Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus related to infectious myelopathies, neoplasms, lymphomas, leukemias, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is acquired through sexual transmission, transfusion of blood products, and breastfeeding. The increased expression of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) in the brain tissue of patients with ALS has been demonstrated, a finding that supports the relationship between the virus and this disease. Therapeutic options include supportive measures and symptomatic treatment with anti-inflammatory medications including steroids, cyclosporines, pentoxifylline, danazol, interferons, and vitamin C. New management proposals are being implemented with valproic acid that acts to facilitate the recognition of the virus by the immune system and with zidovudine antivirals focused on reducing viral load. The purpose of this paper is to describe a clinical case that exhibits clinical signs and evidence of motor neuron compromise as described in electrophysiology studies along with positive laboratory tests for the HTLV-I virus.
El linfoma leptomeníngeo primario (LLMP) es una entidad con baja frecuencia de presentación, representa del 1% al 2,4% de los linfomas primarios del sistema nervioso central; las variedades histológica más observadas son el linfoma de la zona marginal tipo MALT, el linfoma B de célula grande difuso y el linfoma linfoblástico de células B. La localización y su extensión determinan las manifestaciones clínicas; en radiología se prefieren las imágenes con medios de contraste, ya que tienden a confundirse con meningiomas como la primera impresión diagnóstica y son la cirugía y los estudios de patología los que confirman el diagnóstico. La quimioterapia es la base del tratamiento en esta entidad, la radioterapia se deja como una opción secundaria.
El propósito de este trabajo es presentar tres casos clínicos representativos de LLMP y las variantes por imágenes de radiología, la revisión enfocada de la literatura y el tratamiento de esta infrecuente patología.
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