Liogenys Guérin-Méneville is one of the most species rich genera in the Scarabaeidae family endemic to South America. Some species of this genus are important rootfeeding pests of maize, soybean, wheat and oat in their larval stage. Prior to the present study, all known reports of damage caused by any Liogenys species were from Brazil. Since 2006 in Argentina white grubs of the genus Liogenys (not previsouly identified to species level) have been recorded causing a decrease in soybean yields. This research confirms that the Argentinian species is L. suturalis (Blanchard), an important pest already recorded in Brazil but associated with yield losses of maize crops instead of soybean. Taxonomical and biological data observed in Argentinian populations are presented. This is the first record of L. suturalis damaging soybean and its first report in Argentinian crops. K E Y W O R D S Diplotaxini, root-feeders, scarab beetles, soil pest species, white grubs Premier signalement de Liogenys suturalis (Blanchard) (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Melolonthinae) sur cultures en Argentine et premier signalement de ses dégâts sur soja Liogenys Guérin-Méneville est un des genres comportant la plus grande diversité d' espèces au sein de la famille des scarabéoïdes (Scarabaeoidea). Il est endémique à l'Amérique du Sud. Certaines espèces de ce genre sont, au stade larvaire, d'importants organismes nuisibles rhizophage du maïs, du soja, du blé et de l'avoine. Précédemment à cette étude, tous les signalements connus de dégâts causés par des espèces de Liogenys provenaient du Brésil. Depuis 2006, en Argentine, des vers blancs du genre Liogenys (qui n' ont pas été précédemment identifiés au niveau de l'espèce) ont été signalés, provoquant une baisse des rendements de soja. Cette étude confirme que l'espèce responsable de ces dégâts en Argentine est L. suturalis (Blanchard), un organisme nuisible important, déjà signalé au Brésil mais associé dans ce pays à des pertes de rendement des cultures de maïs plutôt que de soja. Les données taxonomiques et biologiques observées dans les populations argentines sont présentées ici. Il s'agit du premier signalement de L. suturalis causant des dégâts sur soja, et de son premier signalement sur cultures en Argentine.
BACKGROUND Little is known about soybean grain chemical composition response to defoliation. The objectives of our study were: (i) to quantify the impact of different levels and timing of defoliation during the filling period on soybean grain yield and grain chemical content and composition, including protein, oil, fatty acids, and isoflavones; and (ii) to establish associations between them and the level and timing of defoliation. RESULTS Yield and grain chemical components were reduced by defoliation treatments, these effects being more pronounced as defoliation increased. Mild defoliation (33%) caused small or non‐significant changes in yield, its components, protein, oil, and isoflavone contents and concentrations. However, it affected oil composition, increasing the degree of unsaturation, which became more accentuated as defoliation increased. Moderate defoliation (66%) produced similar relative reductions in protein and oil contents, with small effects in isoflavone content, resulting in a generally greater isoflavone concentration in defatted flour and a greater isoflavone/protein ratio in grain. Total defoliation (100%) produced greater relative reductions in oil and isoflavone contents than in protein content. These resulted in higher protein/oil ratio and protein concentration and lower isoflavone/protein ratio and isoflavone concentration. Analyzed variables were associated with cumulative solar radiation during grain filling; indeed, this parameter successfully captured the effects of defoliation intensity and timing. CONCLUSION By exploring different levels and timings of defoliation during the filling period, our study provides novel and important information regarding the impact of light interception decreases on grain chemical components, with special emphasis on nutraceuticals. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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