Through development, a child's varied movement contexts provide different opportunities or affordances for action that are fundamental to promoting motor competence. Although home is the primary environment for infants, as children age, school and sport environments gain importance. Studies focusing on affordances for motor behavior in children have mainly addressed the home microsystem, providing an incomplete picture of affordances across different settings, particularly later in development. Here, we undertook a narrative literature review of various affordances for children's motor development. This review revealed that prior studies of school and sports contexts have not specifically focused on those environmental properties that promote or hinder motor learning opportunities, meaning that future research should assess these relationships through manipulations of environmental features in these different microsystems.
[Purpose] This study evaluated the effects of hippotherapy on seated postural balance,
dynamic balance, and functional performance in children with cerebral palsy and compared
the effects of 12 and 24 sessions on seated postural balance. [Subjects and Methods] This
study included 15 children with cerebral palsy aged between 5 and 10 years. Interventions:
A hippotherapy protocol was performed for 30 minutes, twice a week, for 12 weeks. Postural
balance in a sitting position was measured using an AMTI AccuSway Plus force platform 1
week before initiating the hippotherapy program and after 12 and 24 weeks. The Berg
Balance Scale (BBS) and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) were used
before and after 24 sessions. [Results] Significant differences were observed for center
of pressure (COP) variables, including medio-lateral (COPml), anteroposterior displacement
(COPap), and velocity of displacement (VelCOP), particularly after 24 sessions. There were
also significant differences in BBS scores and PEDI score increases associated with
functional skills (self-care, social function, and mobility), caregiver assistance
(self-care), social function, and mobility. [Conclusion] Hippotherapy resulted in
improvement in postural balance in the sitting position, dynamic balance, and
functionality in children with cerebral palsy, an effect particularly significant after 24
hippotherapy sessions.
Este estudo objetivou analisar a qualidade dos ambientes domiciliares na região central do Rio Grande do Sul para a ocorrência de oportunidades de estimulação motora. Fizeram parte do estudo 410 famílias de crianças com idades entre 18 e 42 meses. Para a avaliação foi utilizado o questionário "Affordances in the Home Enviroment for Motor Development Self-Report" - (AHEMD-SR) que aborda a qualidade e a quantidade de fatores no ambiente que são favoráveis à intensificação do desenvolvimento motor infantil. Foram utilizadas análises descritivas e os testes t para amostras independentes e ANOVA para comparação das médias. A análise dos dados evidenciou que as famílias com menor renda (p = 0,00) e cujos pais têm menor grau de instrução (p = 0,00) possuem lares que promovem menos oportunidades de estimulação motora às crianças. Os resultados menos satisfatórios foram em relação à provisão de materiais que estimulem o desenvolvimento da motricidade infantil no espaço externo das residências (entre 64,4% e 65,1% classificados como muito fraco). Conclui-se que, em grande parte das residências avaliadas, há uma carência na provisão de materiais que promovam a estimulação do desenvolvimento da motricidade infantil. O estudo dá fortes indícios que estas restrições podem ser decorrentes do baixo nível socioeconômico e grau de escolaridade das famílias pesquisadas.
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