The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the possibility of delivering autologous bone marrow precursor cells into the spinal cord via lumbar puncture technique (LP) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Magnetic resonance imaging provides a noninvasive method for studying the fate of transplanted cells in vivo. Considering these propositions, we studied magnetic resonance tracking of autologous bone marrow CD34(+) cells labeled with magnetic nanoparticles delivered into the spinal cord via LP in patients with SCI. Sixteen patients with chronic SCI were enrolled and divided into two groups; one group got their own labeled-CD34(+) cells injected into the spinal cord via LP (n = 10); the others received an injection, but it contained magnetic beads without stem cells (controls, n = 6). CD34(+) cells were magnetically labeled with magnetic beads coated with a monoclonal antibody specific for the CD34 cell membrane antigen. Magnetic resonance images were obtained by a standard turbospin echo-T2 weighted sequences before and 20 and 35 days after post-transplantation. The median number of CD34(+) cells injected via LP was 0.7 x 10(6) (range 0.45 to 1.22 x 10(6)). Magnetically labeled CD34(+) cells were visible at the lesion site as hypointense signals in five patients of the labeled-CD34(+) group 20 and 35 days after transplantation; these signals were not visible in any patient of the control group. We suggested for the first time that autologous bone marrow CD34(+) cells labeled with magnetic nanoparticles delivered into the spinal cord via LP technique migrated into the injured site in patients with chronic SCI.

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In order to investigate the involvement of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of aplastic anaemia (AA) we determined the proportion of apoptotic cells in paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsies from patients with aplastic anaemia using an in situ TdT-catalysed DNA nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining method. A significant increase in the proportion of mononuclear apoptotic cells was demonstrated in biopsies from patients with aplastic anaemia (8.19 +/- 1.45%) when compared with controls (2.07 +/- 0.86%). These data support the view that apoptosis may play a role in the pathophysiology of bone marrow failure.

Acute transfusion reactions have been found to occur during or within 24 hours of transfusion. The aim of this work is to describe the main characteristics of acute reactions reported in a Brazilian transfusion service. A preprinted report form was used to evaluate the age and sex of the transfusion recipients, blood component requested, medical specialty involved and transfusion-related signs and symptoms, transfusionists performed a direct observation during the transfusion and in a period of four hours following transfusion. Data were prospectively collected for 90 days from 30 hospitals and health facilities supplied by the the Service of Hematology and Hemotherapy of São José dos Campos. Acute reactions were recognized as febrile nonhemolytic, allergic, fluid overload, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), anaphylatic and metabolic reactions. In a total of 8,378 transfusions, 46 acute reactions were recorded (5.5 per 1000 units transfused, 28 febrile nonhemolytic, 12 allergic, 5 anaphylatic and 1 fluid overload). TRALI and metabolic reactions were not detected. The majority (27) was associated with RBCs followed by PLTs 11, FFP 6 and partial units 2. The median age of the recipients was 43 years (3 months to 83 years, 23 males and 23 females). Overall, 12 (26.1%) events were recorded in oncology, 12 (26.1%) in medicine and 7 in intensive care unit departments. This study provides baseline acute transfusion reaction information for a specific period of time in a Brazilian transfusion service. Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter 2004; 26(2):78-83.

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