RESUMOO uso e a ocupação dos solos exercem influência marcante no escoamento superficial e aporte de sedimentos no leito dos mananciais, podendo alterar a qualidade e a disponibilidade da água. Com isto se objetivou com o presente trabalho, verificar a influência do uso e ocupação dos solos sobre os recursos hídricos do córrego Três Barras, município de Marinópolis, SP. Para constatar esta influência, realizou-se uma análise de correlação de Pearson entre os parâmetros de qualidade e disponibilidade de água e o uso e ocupação dos solos, cujos dados foram coletados entre 18/01/2006 a 10/12/2007. Concluiu-se que as áreas ocupadas por matas e pastagens (com menor intensidade) favoreceram a disponibilidade e a qualidade da água na Sub-Bacia. De maneira geral, as áreas habitadas, agricultadas e as matas degradadas, reduziram a disponibilidade e a qualidade da água da Sub-Bacia. ABSTRACTLand occupation and its use have a remarkable influence on the superficial water flow and the carrying of sediments to the riverbed and may change the quality and availability of water. The current study aimed to check the influence of the land occupation and use on the Três Barras stream resources, in Marinópolis, SP, Brazil. To check this influence, an analysis of Pearson´s correlation between the parameters of quality and availability and use of water and land was developed. The samples covered the period of January, 2006 until December, 2007. It may be concluded that areas occupied by forests and pastures (in less intensity) favoured the availability and quality of water of the watershed. The inhabited areas and those used for agriculture, and the degraded forests in general, reduced the availability and quality of water in the watershed.

Abstract:In the Brazilian semi-arid region, the intensification of agriculture results in a change of natural vegetation by irrigated crops. To quantify the contrast between these two ecosystems, the large-scale values of water productivity components were modelled in Petrolina (PE) and Juazeiro (BA) municipalities. The SAFER (Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving) algorithm was used to acquire evapotranspiration (ET), while the Monteith's radiation model was applied for estimating the biomass production (BIO). Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images were used together with agro-meteorological data. In Petrolina and Juazeiro, the mean monthly ET values for irrigated crops were 938 and 739 mm·month .Water productivity (WP) was analysed by the ratio of BIO to ET, defined here as the ratio of the net benefits from the mixed agricultural systems to the amount of water required for producing those benefits. The highest incremental WP values, as a result of the irrigated crops introduction, happened outside the rainy period. More spatial WP uniformity occurred in natural vegetation, when comparing with irrigated crops. The most frequent WP values in Petrolina were between 1.6 and 2.2 kg·m . The differences between the municipalities can be mainly explained by differences in precipitation and soil OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2013, 5 5784 water storages conditions, promoting better rainfall use efficiency by the natural vegetation in the first one. The results of the current research are important for appraising the land use change impacts in situations of expanding irrigation areas.

The energy balance (EB) components were quantified in a commercial farm with corn crop, irrigated by central pivots, in the Northwestern side of São Paulo state, Southeast Brazil. The SAFER (Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving) was applied to retrieve the latent heat flux (λE), considering six pivots, covering irrigated areas from 74 to 108 ha. With λE quantified and considering soil heat flux (G) as a fraction of net radiation (R n), the sensible heat flux (H) was acquired as a residual in the energy balance equation. Seven Landsat satellite images, covering all corn crop stages from 23 April 2010 to 29 August 2010, allowed relating the energy balance components according to the accumulated degree-days (DD ac) from the planting to harvest dates. The average R n values ranging from 5.2 to 7.2 MJ m-2 day-1 , represented 30 to 45% of global solar radiation (R G). Considering the variation of the energy balance components along the corn crop growing seasons, the average ranges for λE, H and G were respectively 0.0 to 6.4 MJ m-2 day-1 ,-1.5 to 6.7 MJ m-2 day-1 and 0.1 to 0.6 MJ m-2 day-1. The fraction of the available energy (R n-G) used as λE was from 0.0 to 1.3 indicated a good irrigation management, insuring that the water deficit could not be the reason of any yield reduction. Although R n did not reflected well the crop stages, its partition strongly depended on these stages. λE higher than R n and the negative H/R n , happened sometimes along the corn growing seasons. This occurred after the vegetative growth and before the harvest times, indicating heat advection from the surrounding areas to the irrigation pivots, which represented an additional energy source for the evaporative process. The models applied here with only the visible and infrared bands of the Landsat sensor are very useful for the energy balance analyses, considering the size of the corn crop irrigation pivots in Southeast Brazil, when subsidizing a rational irrigation water application in corn crop.

WATER BALANCE A TOOL FOR PLANNING IN NORTHWAEST OF STATE OF SÃO PAULOKnowing the availability of the water on the soil for the future planning is the foundation for executing its rational use. Then, this project had as an objective to elaborate the monthly water balance for the region of Marinópolis, worthwest of the state of São Paulo. The water balance was determined using the Thorthwaite and Mather (1955) method, starting from the data obtained by Weather Station operated by the Hydraulics and Irrigation Division from UNESP Ilha Solteira. The year average precipitation is 1.111 mm and the potential evapotranspiration from 1.421 mm per year. Considering a Available Water Capacity (AWC) from 40 mm, the water balance resulted in eight months of water deficiency on the soil (april to november), with total accumulated of 490 mm and the surplus occurred in the months of december to march with 179 mm, concluding that it would be high rick with the cultivation without the use of systems of irrigation that must be projected to attend a demand between 3,9 and 4,6 mm per day.

"Large-scale radiation and energy balances with Landsat 8 images and agrometeorological data in the Brazilian semiarid region,"

RESUMO -O presente trabalho foi conduzido na região de Selvíria, MS, e teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da incorporação de mucuna-preta, lab-lab e restos culturais de milho no desenvolvimento e produção do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) de inverno. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso; os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação do efeito da incorporação de restos culturais do milho, mucuna-preta e lab-lab no desenvolvimento do feijoeiro, na presença e ausência de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. Pelos resultados obtidos nas condições experimentais, pode-se concluir que a incorporação de mucuna-preta praticamente dobrou a produção de grãos de feijão em relação ao tratamento com incorporação apenas de palhada de milho; as maiores produtividades foram obtidas nos tratamentos com incorporação de mucuna-preta, lab-lab e milho + mucuna-preta semeada 100 dias após a semeadura do milho, e a aplicação de 45 kg ha -1 de N aumentou em 17,8% a produtividade do feijoeiro.Termos para indexação: restos culturais, aplicação de nitrogênio, sucessão de culturas. EFFECTS OF CROP ROTATION, GREEN MANURE, AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE BEAN YIELDABSTRACT -The present work was carried out at Selvíria, MS, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the effects of velvetbean, lab-lab and corn crop residues on the development and yield of winter bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops. The experimental design utilized was a randomized blocks obtained through an arrangement between the incorporation of different organic residues, with and without nitrogen supply in the bean crop. Grain yield was higher when velvetbean was incorporated in rotation with corn crop residues. The best yield was obtained in the treatments: velvetbean incorporation, lab-lab and corn + velvetbean sowed 100 days after corn sowing. Application of 45 kg ha -1 of N fertilizer (urea) increased the yield of winter bean crops in 17,8%.

-The aim of this study was to evaluate dry matter yield and nutritional value of palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) using nitrogen doses and sprinkler irrigation in two periods of the year, aiming at reducing seasonality of forage production. It was used a randomized block design in a split-plot scheme, with five doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha/cut), and the sub-plots were defined by the seasons of the year (wet and dry season), with and without irrigation. During the wet season, in the plots with and without irrigation, doses of 175 and 161 kg/ha/cut promoted the highest dry matter yields. During the dry season, 171 kg ha -1 N with irrigation resulted in the highest dry matter yield. During the same season, there was no response to N fertilization in the lack of irrigation. Average contents of CP were 10% with and without irrigation. Contents of neutral detergent fiber decreased with nitrogen doses, while acid detergent fiber was not affected by fertilization. Plots under irrigation reached the maximal acid detergent fiber content at N dose of 60 kg ha -1 . Irrigation promotes increase of 15% increase in dry matter yield and it increases contents of neutral detergent fiber.

RESUMOO Brasil possui grande potencial hídrico porém com deficiência em termos de monitoramento qualitativo, quantitativo e conhecimento das influências do uso do solo. Assim, realizou-se trabalho com o propósito de apresentar o monitoramento qualitativo e quantitativo das águas para fins de irrigação e as influências ocasionadas pelo uso e ocupação do solo na microbacia do córrego do Ipê, município de Ilha Solteira, São Paulo. O monitoramento qualitativo foi realizado no período de 2006 a 2011 e o quantitativo de 2009 a 2011. Para se constatar as influências utilizou-se a análise de correlação de Pearson. Verificou-se que, em sua maior parte, a microbacia é composta pela cultura de cana-de-açúcar e o maior uso em conflito com as áreas de preservação permanente são as áreas ociosas e de pastagem. A microbacia se caracterizou com altas concentrações de ferro e coliformes originados das áreas de pastagens degradadas e uso irregular e ocupação urbana e rural. As reduzidas áreas de preservação permanente, a má conservação do solo e a expansão das áreas urbanas, implicam na deterioração da qualidade e disponibilidade hídrica, gerando impactos socioeconômico e ambiental para a região. In order to evaluate the influences, the Pearson correlation analysis was used. It was found that the watershed is mostly made up by the crop of sugar cane and the use in conflict with areas of permanent preservation are the fallow areas and pasture. The watershed is characterized with high concentrations of iron and coliforms, originating from degraded pastures and irregular use of urban and rural occupation. The small permanent preservation areas, bad soil conservation and expansion of urban areas imply in the deterioration of the quality and availability of water, generating socio-economic and environmental impact in the area.