Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que sem fins comerciais e que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. Soldagem & Inspeção. 2015;20(4) Evaluation of the Thermomechanical Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Wires Welded by MICRO TIG PulsesAbstract: Micro welding can be an efficient way for joining shape memory alloys (SMA) due to high accuracy and location of heat, reducing the size of the molten zone and heat affected zone (HAZ) promoting improvements in mechanical properties in these types of joints. This study aimed to determinate variations in thermomechanical properties of welded joints of NiTi SMA wires. For this, NiTi wires (ASTM F2063) with 0.9 mm diameter were divided into two groups: (a) as received wires (NiTiA) and (b) heat treated wires at 400 °C for 20 min (NiTi400). These wires were welded by TIG process, using controlled pulses (spots). The thermomechanical characterization of micro welded wires was performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), uniaxial tensile tests, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Vickers microhardness. The results show the efficiency of TIG welding NiTi wires of both groups, even with the reduction of the phase transformation temperatures of the joint with respect to the original base metal. The wires with welded joints showed showed maximum superelastic strain levels of about 8% with martensite induction stresses between 400 and 500 MPa. This performance of welded joints allow the realization of superelastic cycles up to 4% deformation safely. The analysis of welded wire fracture surfaces allowed verifying ductile characteristics at the rupture process.
Shape memory alloys are functional materials that can recover plastic strains between 2 and 6%. This property can be used to produce actuators for many areas as medicine, robotic, aeronautic and others. Recently, it has been observed the particular interest for shape memory alloys welding, especially to obtain Ni-Ti similar and dissimilar joints and fabricate simple or complex structures. In this sense, this work present an experimental study of tungsten inert gas pulsed welding applied to Ni-Ti shape memory alloy wires with 0.9 mm in diameter, previously heat treated at 450 °C for 20 minutes and air cooled. For that, it was carried out tensile tests at isothermal temperatures from 40 °C to 90 °C (steps of 10 °C) for welded and unwelded wires. The transformation temperatures obtained from differential scanning calorimetry were compared to verify the effect of welding process. It was also performed a stabilization process by mechanical cycling in some welded and unwelded Ni-Ti wires. The results showed a low strength and strain capacity of the weld joint at higher temperatures. Although, at lowest temperature, close to 40 °C, it was observed higher values of maximum stress and strain for welded Ni-Ti wires.
Resumo O processo de micro soldagem se mostra eficiente para a união de Ligas com Memória de Forma (LMF) do sistema NiTi devido a alta precisão e localização do calor, diminuindo os tamanhos da zona fundida (ZF) e da zona termicamente afetada (ZTA), promovendo melhorias nas propriedades mecânicas destes tipos de juntas. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral determinar as variações das propriedades termomecânicas em juntas soldadas de fios de NiTi. Para o trabalho, fios superelásticos de uma LMF NiTi (ASTM F2063) com 0,9 mm de diâmetro, foram divididos em dois grupos: (a) fios sem tratamento térmico (NiTiA) e (b) fios com tratamento térmico a 400°C durante 20 minutos (NiTi400). Em seguida estes fios foram soldados pelo processo TIG, utilizando a microsoldadora Micromelt (EDG Equipamentos e Controles). A caracterização termomecânica dos fios íntegros e microsoldados foi realizada utilizando ensaios de calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC), análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA), ensaios de tração uniaxial, microscopia óptica (MO), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microindentação Vickers. Os resultados mostraram a eficiência do processo TIG ao soldar os fios NiTi de ambos os grupos. As juntas soldadas apresentaram propriedades de superelasticidade semelhante aos fios íntegros e a análise da fratura dos fios com solda mostra características dúcteis.
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