As part of a working definition of a new code of practice, a methodology is being defined to determine the suitability of plasters manufactured on-site to protect earthen wall of vernacular architecture buildings. Given the diversity of raw earth construction methods, ranging from massive earth to stone masonry with earth mortars, and the variability of the materials used, it was proposed two on-site testing: a shrinkage test followed by a shear test. These tests, as well as additional tests, were performed on an earthen wall using two different earth plasters. This first testing campaign has permitted to validate the on-site shrinkage test but not the on-site shear test. A future testing campaign will explore the influence of various parameters on the shear test.
As a solution to the high depletion of natural resources and huge waste generated by the construction industry, the use of coarse recycled aggregate has become a trend in many countries. The construction and demolition waste is heterogeneous and mostly composed of concrete and masonry debris. The recycling process usually involves not only crushing and screening but also advanced techniques to separate these two fractions. These processes are costly and most frequently ineffective. Although most studies and international standards focused only on recycled concrete aggregate for structural use, it is possible to achieve similar characteristics with mixed recycled aggregates that have a ceramic fraction of up to 20%. This initiative can decrease recycling costs and make it more feasible. Therefore, this work presents an experimental investigation of a Brazilian recycled aggregate, which was separated into three fractions: mixed, concrete, and masonry aggregates. The analyses showed that the mixed recycled aggregate displayed geometric, physical, and mechanical properties similar to the recycled concrete aggregate. In addition, concrete made with 20% of mixed recycled aggregate presented a reduction of only 0.6% in maximum compressive strength and 36.8% in the modulus of elasticity compared with concrete made with the same amount of recycled concrete aggregate.
Uma vez que a construção civil é um dos setores da economia que mais emite gases de efeito estufa e consome energia em todo o mundo, a análise do ciclo de vida dos insumos de uma construção torna-se bastante importante atualmente. A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida analisa os impactos ambientais produzidos nas diversas fases do processo construtivo, desde a extração e fabricação de matérias-primas até a renovação ou demolição da estrutura, colaborando na tomada de decisões e podendo levar a uma redução do impacto ambiental de construções. Estes impactos podem ser avaliados através das emissões atmosféricas, consumo de recursos naturais, demandas energéticas e geração de resíduos. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar a metodologia da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida para calcular os impactos de demanda de energia e a emissão de CO2 da construção de uma escola. O projeto é chamado de “Espaço Educativo Urbano” e é proposto pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação. Para calcular os resultados, foram adotadas diversas premissas baseadas no cenário brasileiro e, analisando tais cenários, foi possível perceber que existem diversas maneiras de facilmente se alcançar uma redução de cerca de 20% nos impactos ambientais relacionados tanto com a demanda de energia quanto com a emissão de CO2. Além disso, os resultados mostraram que existe a possibilidade de reduzir o impacto futuro de outras construções através da reciclagem de materiais.
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