ABSTRACT:Breeding programs strive to obtain cultivars with superior traits. The association between these characters, such as those estimated by correlation coeficients, are important to the breeding selection process. In this study we analyzed phenotypic and genotypic correlations between yield and other agronomic traits in soybean progenies derived from various crosses to support breeding line selection in the soybean breading program of the Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU). The experiment was carried out in the 2011/2012 growing season at the Capim Branco research station in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Seventy-one soybean lines were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. In these plots plants were evaluated for the number of pods, grain yield per plant, number of days for flowering, plant height at flowering, number of days for maturity, plant height at maturity, height of the first pod insertion, number of grains per pod and grain yield per plant. The estimates for genotypic correlations were equal or greater than those for the phenotypic correlations for all the evaluated traits. This suggests a small effect of environmental factors on the trait expression. An exception of this behavior was the correlation between plant height at flowering and plant height at maturity. In this case, although the signs for the genotypic and phenotypic correlations were the same, the value for the last was greater than that for the former. The late flowering and late-maturing plants were taller. Also, selecting plants for higher number of pods ultimately contributed for the selection of plants with higher grain yield. The selection of late-flowering and late-maturing plants have yielded taller plantsin the same way that the selection for a higher pod number could promote the selection and improvement of grains yield trait.
This work aims to study the genetic variability of 22 biparental crosses of soybean through multivariate techniques. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, consisting of 110 genotypes from 22 biparental crosses and cultivars UFUS Riqueza, UFUS Impacta, UFUS Xavante UFUS Millionária and MSoy 8211 which were used as control. The characters evaluated were number of days until flowering and until maturity, plant height at flowering and at maturity, number of pods with one, two or three seeds, total number of pods, weight of plant and first pod yield. The population evaluated showed genetic variability for most traits. Plant height at maturity, pods with one seed and grain yield were the traits that contributed the most to genetic diversity among the soybean crosses studied. The three clustering methods used in this study were effective in representing the genetic distance in soybean. Hybridizations between lines derived from crosses CR13 and CR14 with cultivar UFUS Impact or hybridizations between lines derived from crosses CR5 and CR10 with lines derived from crosses CR21 and CR12 show promise for obtaining segregating soybean populations.
ABSTRACT:The use of different evaluation methods of adaptability and stability in a breeding program is essential to obtain more accurate results of the lines that have been studied. The purpose of this research is to study the adaptability and stability of 25 soybean lines derived from the soybean breeding program, and for that, it was used parametric and non-parametric analysis at the Federal University of Uberlandia. The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design with three replications in three sowing periods (November 2006, November 2007 and November 2008 and conducted in Campo Alegre de Goias, Brazil. Thirty soybean genotypes were evaluated, including 25 late-cycle lines and five cultivars (BRS/MG Garantia, UFUS Impacta, UFUS Xavante UFUS Milionária and M-Soy 8914) as controls). Grain productivity was determined for each block. The average yield was 3104.201 kg ha -1 . Adaptability and stability were determined using Eberhart and Russel (1966), Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998) and Centroide (ROCHA, 2005) methods. The UFUS 6 and UFUS 21 lines and the UFUS Impacta and UFUS Xavante cultivars stood out because they had the highest average grain yield, highest adaptability and stability regardless of evaluation method.
RESUMO:A espécie arbórea Adenanthera pavonina L popularmente conhecida como tento-vermelho, carolina ou olho de dragão, é utilizada para fins ornamentais, arborização, para sombreamento, artesanato e medicamentos, sendo suas sementes e madeira utilizadas como fitoterápicos, no tratamento de infecções pulmonares e da oftalmia crônica. Em razão da impermeabilidade do tegumento à água as sementes apresentam dormência, que para superá-la, é necessária a aplicação de tratamento pré-germinativo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a porcentagem e a velocidade da germinação de sementes de A. pavonina L., não escarificadas ou previamente escarificas com lixa e submetidas às soluções de água destilada, giberelina (GA 3 ) a 10% de concentração e KNO 3 a 0,2% de concentração. A germinação ocorreu a 25°C com fotoperíodo de 12 em 12 horas em 90 dias dentro de uma câmara germinativa contendo 24 caixas de plástico tipo "gerbox", sendo cada preenchida com vermiculita e 30 sementes. As sementes não escarificadas apresentam um retardamento na germinação, mesmo quando associadas ao KNO 3 ou GA 3 . Os tratamentos que utilizam a escarificação mecânica germinam mais e com maior velocidade, assim sendo o método mais indicado, não havendo diferença entre os tipos de embebição associado. Palavras-chave: Germinação. Escarificação. Florestal SUMMARY:The arboreal species Adenanthera pavonina L popularly known as Carolina or dragon eye is utilized for ornamental purposes, tree planting, shadowing, artistic technique and medicine. Its seeds and wood are used as herbal medicine to treat lung infections and chronic ophthalmic. Because of the impermeability of the tegument to the water, the seeds present dormancy, and to overcome it, it is necessary to apply the pregerminative treatment. This work aimed to evaluate the percentage and the speed of the germination of the Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds, previously scarified with sandpaper and submitted to distilled water solutions, GA 3 to 10% of concentration and KNO 3 to 0,2% of concentration, besides the control without scarification. The germination occurred to 25°C in a germinative chamber containing 24 gearboxes, each one with 30 seeds to 2 centimeters high of vermiculite expanded with photoperiod of every 12 hours during 90 days. The non-scarified seeds present a big delay in germination, even when associated to KNO 3 or GA 3 . The treatments that used the mechanic scarification germinate more and faster, thus, being the most indicated method, without showing any difference between the kinds of imbibition curves associated.Keywords: Germination. Scarification. Forest. INTRODUÇÃOAdenanthera pavonina L. (tento-vermelho, olho-de-dragão ou carolina) pertencente à família Leguminosae -Mimosoideae (BARROSO et al., 1999), é uma espécie florestal originária da Ásia utilizada em reflorestamentos e como planta ornamental e forrageira (CORRÊA, 1978;AKKASAENG, 1989). Kissmann et al. ( 2008 ) estende-se desde fins ornamentais, arborização de ruas e praças, para sombreamento, artesanato e medicament...
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