OBJECTIVE: A multicentric, cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 in medical students and residents from four universities and affiliated hospitals in Brazil. METHODS: A survey about contamination risk and symptoms was sent to all participants through email and WhatsApp. Prevalence was measured by the self-report of positive polymerase chain reaction or serological test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Prevalence of infection by Sars-CoV-2 was 14.9% (151/1011). The disease was more prevalent in residents and interns than in undergraduate students. Contact with an infected relative outside the hospital or with colleagues without using personal protective equipment was associated with higher contamination. Contact with patients without wearing goggles and higher weekly frequency of contact were the two factors independently associated with the infection by Coronavirus disease 2019 in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students, interns, and residents have a higher prevalence of Coronavirus disease 2019 than the general population, in which the last two groups are significantly at higher risk. Contacting patients at a higher weekly frequency increases the risk for infection. The use of goggles should be reinforced when contacting patients.
A COVID-19, doença que se alastrou amplamente no mundo ao longo do ano de 2019 e de 2020, causando inúmeras mortes, tem sido alvo de diversas pesquisas. Todavia, ainda falta material conciso e relevante sobre o tratamento farmacológico dessa doença em cenário ambulatorial. Assim, essa revisão da literatura busca avaliar as evidências disponíveis sobre esse tópico. Para tal, foram realizadas duas buscas no PubMed a fim de elencar artigos que tratem sobre a intervenção farmacológica em pacientes ambulatoriais acometidos pela doença. A partir disso, foram analisados oito artigos, que tratavam de doze diferentes fármacos: hidroxicloroquina, cloroquina, azitromicina associada a hidroxicloroquina, remdesivir, anti-piréticos, analgésicos, lopinavir-ritonavir, AINEs, corticosteroides, iECA, BRAs e nitazoxanide. Sob tal perspectiva, foi concluído que ainda há uma escassez de evidências nesse tópico e que são necessários mais estudos clínicos randomizados para avaliar qual seria a melhor opção de tratamento farmacológico de pacientes com COVID-19 em cenário ambulatorial.
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