To determine the effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine (PC) on macrophage activity, peritoneal lavage cells were cultured in the presence of phosphatidylcholine rich in saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (sat PC and unsat PC, respectively), both used at concentrations of 32 and 64 μM. The treatment of peritoneal macrophages with 64 μM unsat PC increased the production of hydrogen peroxide by 48.3% compared to control (148.3 ± 16.3 vs 100.0 ± 1.8%, N = 15), and both doses of unsat PC increased adhesion capacity by nearly 50%. Moreover, 64 μM unsat PC decreased neutral red uptake by lysosomes by 32.5% compared to the untreated group (67.5 ± 6.8 vs 100.0 ± 5.5%, N = 15), while both 32 and 64 μM unsat PC decreased the production of lipopolysaccharide-elicited nitric oxide by 30.4% (13.5 ± 2.6 vs 19.4 ± 2.5 μM) and 46.4% (10.4 ± 3.1 vs 19.4 ± 2.5 μM), respectively. Unsat PC did not affect anion production in non-stimulated cells or phagocytosis of unopsonized zymosan particles. A different result pattern was obtained for macrophages treated with sat PC. Phorbol 12-miristate 13-acetate-elicited superoxide production and neutral red uptake were decreased by nearly 25% by 32 and 64 μM sat PC, respectively. Sat PC did not affect nitric oxide or hydrogen peroxide production, adhesion capacity or zymosan phagocytosis. Thus, PC modifies macrophage activity, but this effect depends on cell activation state, fatty acid saturation and esterification to PC molecule and PC concentration. Taken together, these results indicate that the fatty acid moiety of PC modulates macrophage activity and, consequently, is likely to affect immune system regulation in vivo.
Dietary soy lecithin supplementation decreases hyperlipidemia and influences lipid metabolism. Although this product is used by diabetic patients, there are no data about the effect of soy lecithin supplementation on the immune system. The addition of phosphatidylcholine, the main component of lecithin, to a culture of lymphocytes has been reported to alter their function. If phosphatidylcholine changes lymphocyte functions in vitro as previously shown, then it could also affect immune cells in vivo. In the present study, the effect of dietary soy lecithin on macrophage phagocytic capacity and on lymphocyte number in response to concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation was investigated in non-diabetic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Supplementation was carried out daily with 2 g kg(-1) b.w. lecithin during 7 days. After that, blood was drawn from fasting rats and peritoneal macrophages and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were collected to determine the phospholipid content. Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG), total and HDL cholesterol and glucose levels were also determined. Lymphocytes were stimulated by ConA. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) dye reduction method and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate lymphocyte metabolism and cell number, respectively. Soy lecithin supplementation significantly increased both macrophage phagocytic capacity (+29%) in non-diabetic rats and the lymphocyte number in diabetic rats (+92%). It is unlikely that plasma lipid levels indirectly affect immune cells, since plasma cholesterol, TAG, or phospholipid content was not modified by lecithin supplementation. In conclusion, lymphocyte and macrophage function were altered by lecithin supplementation, indicating an immunomodulatory effect of phosphatidylcholine.
Introdução: O autismo é uma síndrome de comportamento que resulta em dificuldades de interação social, comunicação e cognição, tendo como uma das características centrais ou comportamento estereotipado. Neste sentido, vários estudos atuais mostram uma relação entre alterações alimentares em pacientes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Objetivo: Verificar a presença e frequência dos transtornos da ingestão e alimentação presentes nos portadores do Transtorno Autístico assistido pela Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE) em Goiânia e Anápolis. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal quantitativo, realizado através da aplicação do questionário Escala de Avaliação de Comportamento Alimentar em pacientes diagnosticados com Transtorno Autista em Acompanhamento no APAE de Goiânia e Anápolis. Resultados: Distúrbios da alimentação e ingestão foram encontrados em 100% da amostra, em diversos graus. Como dificuldades mais presentes foram em relação à seletividade alimentar, aspectos comportamentais durante as refeições e distúrbios da mastigação. Conclusão: Os distúrbios alimentares são bastante presentes na população autista, além de serem diversos e bem variados. Assim, a alimentação de pacientes com transtorno autístico deve ser foco terapêutico e cívico.
Diagnóstico de autismo infantil e suas repercussões nas relações familiares e educacionais Diagnosis of childhood autism and its repercussions on family and educational relationships
Fratura de fêmur em idosos numa região neotropical no Brasil central: caracterização das internações Femur fracture in elderly at a neotropical region in central Brazil: characteristics of hospitalization
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.