Objective:This study aimed to identify possible associations of the presence or absence of posttrauma sequelae with the factors inherent to the traumatized tooth and treatment.Materials and Methods:This retrospective study was performed through the evaluation of records and radiographs of a center of reference for dental trauma between January 2008 and December 2014. The factors were analyzed and associated with posttrauma sequelae, such as pulp necrosis and root resorption.Statistical Analysis Used:A binomial logistic regression model was fit (P < 0.05).Results:In luxations, it was possible to observe 37% pulp necrosis, 16% inflammatory root resorption, and 8% replacement resorption. The binomial logistic regression revealed that male gender (P = 0.0392, odds ratio [OR] = 2.79), avulsion injury (P = 0.0009, OR = 12.27), and elapsed time >16 days between the time of trauma to the beginning of the endodontic treatment (P = 0.0450, OR = 7.53) showed a greater chance of presenting a posttrauma complication.Conclusions:Gender, type of injury, stage of root development, and time after trauma until the beginning of the endodontic intervention were related to the appearance of sequelae.

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Objectives:The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images using three software programs and different voxel sizes.Methods:Ten human mandibles with 25 silica markers were scanned for 0.250-, 0.300-, and 0.400-mm voxels in the i-CAT New Generation (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA). Thirty-five linear measurements were carried out by two examiners two times on the multiplanar reconstructions in the following software programs: XoranCat version 3.1.62 (Xoran Technologies, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), RadiAnt DICOM 2.2.9 Viewer (Medixant, Poznan- Poland) and InVesalius 3.0.0 (Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer, Campinas, SP, Brazil). The physical measurements were made by another observer two times using a digital caliper on the macerated mandibles. ANOVA test was used to compare voxels and software programs. Pearson correlation and the Bland–atman tests were used to compare physical and virtual measurements and to evaluate the accuracy of the software programs, respectively (P < 0.05).Results:There was no statistically significant difference when the measurements were compared in acquisitions with different voxel sizes analyzed in the three software programs. There was also no difference when the measurements were compared between the software programs and the digital caliper. Excellent intra- and inter-observer reliability for the markers, physical measurements, and multiplanar reconstructions were found.Conclusion:Linear measurements in the XoranCat, Radiant, and InVesalius software programs are reliable and accurate compared with physical measurements. The different acquisition protocols using different voxel sizes did not influence the accuracy of linear measurements in CBCT images.

Purpose This study was performed to compare the ability of limited- and large-volume cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to display isthmuses in the apical root canals of mandibular molars. Materials and Methods Forty human mandibular first molars with isthmuses in the apical 3 mm of mesial roots were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and their thickness, area, and length were recorded. The samples were examined using 2 CBCT systems, using the smallest voxels and field of view available for each device. The Mann-Whitney, Friedman, and Dunn multiple comparison tests were performed (α=0.05). Results The 3D Accuitomo 170 and i-Cat devices detected 77.5% and 75.0% of isthmuses, respectively ( P >0.05). For length measurements, there were significant differences between micro-CT and both 3D Accuitomo 170 and i-Cat ( P <0.05). Conclusion Both CBCT systems performed similarly and did not detect isthmuses in the apical third in some cases. CBCT still does not equal the performance of micro-CT in isthmus detection, but it is nonetheless a valuable tool in endodontic practice.

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