Cranioplasty is a reconstruction operation made to protect intracranial structures. It is applied for the closure of bone defects occurring due to causes such as trauma, tumor, infection, and infarct. Many different products changing from autologous bone grafts to synthetic materials are used for cranioplasty. Three-dimensional printers that are among the popular innovations of today are used gradually more in medical area as in every field of life and they make the surgical operation easier. When customizable materials are combined with technology, the authors come across successful results and less complications. The aim of the authors’ study was to show a 3-dimensional modeling method in 2 patients the authors applied cranioplasty and the advantages provided by this method for the surgeon and the patient.
Gears have wide range application areas in various industries which no matter they are small-scaled or large-scaled. As a part of their design, gears inner bodies are full filled with their solid material and significantly increase the weight of systems which they used in. If the weight of gears’ body mass can be decrease during their design process, the mechanical properties that expected from the systems can be achieved with the minimum cost of material via additive manufacturing comparing to the traditional manufacturing processes. First ideas which comes to mind presents two choices for the way should follow. This study focused on design optimization of material layout rather than material selection. Generative design technic also known as topology optimization can create new designs via mathematical methods that optimize material layouts within a specific design space. Absolute geometry is depending on various parameters such as given set of loads, boundary conditions and constraints. Alternatively, lattice structures are designs which inspired from bio-entities based on repeating unit cells. As a result of static analysis of a helical gear’ s uniform lattice structure, output parameters have been used for varying unit cells’ beam thickness and optimize lattice design. End of this study which used nTopology as engineering software for whole implicit design and analysis process, the analysis of generative designed geometry and pattern of lattice structure gave different results. These outputs compared on point of weight savings.
Topology optimization is the process of optimizing the shape and material distribution of a part. This study examines the topology optimization of the hanging apparatus of a boat's crane. The goal here is to design a lighter and more efficient hanging apparatus. Initially, topology optimization was performed using a CAD software such as Autodesk Fusion 360. This software aids engineers in creating complex designs, simulating real-world scenarios, and optimizing material distribution. The design process began with the use of a non-equilateral triangle to determine the shape of the part. Later, two cylindrical rings that attach to the pole were added. These steps completed the initial geometry. Subsequently, it was indicated that the part needed to be light and resistant to weather conditions. Therefore, aluminum 6061 material was chosen. The material properties were chosen to ensure the proper functioning of the part. A static analysis was performed to determine the strength of the part. The forces and constraints applied to the part were simulated considering a one-ton capacity. A displacement of 1.32 millimeters and a safety factor of 6 were found. Then, following the topology optimization, an analysis of the new geometry resulted in a displacement of approximately 4 millimeters for the part. The predetermined minimum safety factor is 3, and the factor found in the analysis was 3.7. This is an acceptable value to ensure the structural integrity and safety of the part. The optimization process aimed to reduce the mass of the part. By preserving the initially determined safety factor, savings were made in the material and a successful reduction of approximately 42% in mass was achieved. This study demonstrates that topology optimization is a significant tool in engineering design and CAD software such as Autodesk Fusion 360 can be effectively used in this process. The analyses and optimizations conducted reveal that it's possible to design a lighter and more efficient hanging apparatus. This provides numerous advantages such as cost savings, performance increase, and reduction of environmental impact.
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