In this study, failures in axles of rail vehicles have been examined. The axle failure in the paper is a classic fatigue problem with high magn bending stresses which alternate between tension and compression. The scope of this paper is to address life value of axle related to reliabi and compare it with the realized life value up to fracture. The activity firstly deals with the definition of critical section in the axle. The locatio of the fracture is the section between the wheel and gear. The research then addresses determination of the wagon loading cases based statistical data related to the number of passengers. First, minimum life value of the axle was determined considering full load, then effecti life values were calculated by using Palmgren-Miner's theorem as a cumulative failure theorem for real loading conditions in the case of different distributions. It is apparent from data found by calculations are in good agreement with practical damage values. Finally, changin effective life values related to different working conditions is presented.
Optimisation of geometric parameters of gears under variable loading condition is studied. Bending stress is considered as objective function and contact stress is considered as constraint function. Bending stress and contact stress are calculated depending on zero tooth modification, positive tooth modification and negative tooth modification by using developed MATLAB program respectively. Obtained results are compared and presented graphically. It is concluded that tooth modification is effective parameter for optimisation of geometric parameters of gears under variable loading condition. By optimising the geometric parameters of the gears, such as, the module, number of teeth, helix angle, and face width, it is possible to obtain a light-weight-gears structures. All optimised geometric design parameters also satisfy all constraints.
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