Early oral feeding after the surgical resection of esophageal and gastric tumors is safe, and is associated with favorable early in-hospital outcomes and a sooner return to physiological GI function and hospital discharge.
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in both developed and developing countries. The burden is increasing in low-income and middle-income countries (LMCs) and threatens the public health of such societies. Introduction of expensive monoclonal antibodies to cancer treatment regimens poses a real challenge in the health systems of LMCs. Despite controversy of cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab in breast cancer, some studies indicate gain of patients from this drug. The present study aimed to propose a priority setting model for administration of anti-angiogenic agents in breast cancer via assessment of tumor angiogenesis by the microvessel density (MVD) method and associations with clinicopathological characteristics (including simultaneous mutations of TP53 and HER-2 genes). Materials and Methods: Age, axillary lymph nodes status, tumor size, stage and grade, estrogen and progesterone receptors status, HER-2/neu status (by immunohistochemistry and FISH test), TP53 mutation, Ki-67 (for proliferation assay) and CD34 (for angiogenesis assay) were assessed in 111 breast cancer patients. The molecular subtype of each tumor was also determined and correlations of simultaneous mutations of HER-2 and p53 genes with angiogenesis and other clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. Results: There were significant associations between simultaneous mutations of HER-2 and p53 genes and all other parameters except tumor size. The degree of angiogenesis in the ERBB2 subtype was greater than the others. Younger patients showed a higher angiogenesis rate rather those older than 50 years. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that patients with simultaneous mutations of HER-2 and p53 genes, those with ERBB2 molecular subtype and also younger women (often triple negative) seem more eligible for obtaining anti-angiogenic agents. These results suggest a model for priority setting of patients with breast cancer for treatment with anti-angiogenic drugs in LMCs.
Background:
PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a crucial pathway in the angiogenesis, tumour growth and cell differentiation of several cancers. The
PI3K
and
KIT
genes are key genes of this pathway. Previous studies have reported the importance of these genes in the development of gastrointestinal carcinoma, leukaemia, and melanomas. The role of mutations and overexpression of
PI3K
and
KIT
genes in breast cancer has been previously proved. This study investigates the correlation between
PI3K
and
KIT
gene mutations in sporadic breast cancer.
Methods:
Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) technique was used to determine the Copy Number Variation (CNV) of
PI3K
and
KIT
genes in 34 breast cancer tumours and PCR-sequencing was used to detect the mutation in
PI3K
exons 9 and 20.
Results:
Our results reported that 27% of patients had CNV of the
KIT
gene; whereas, 20% and 17.5% of patients, had mutation and CNV in the
PI3K
gene, respectively. We did not found a significant correlation between the mutations of
PI3K
and
KIT
genes.
Conclusion:
About two-tenth of the patients revealed CNV and lesser than two-tenth indicated mutation in the
PI3K
gene, whereas one-third of the patients demonstrated CNV in the
KIT
gene. Thus, administration of the
PI3K
and
KIT
gene inhibitor drugs might be proposed to suppress breast cancer in patients with mutation and CNV of each of these individual genes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.