Background: Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) is an alternative biomaterial that needs particular acid and a specific time to optimize the growth factors preservation. The best demineralization protocol for preserving growth factors in DBM is currently unavailable. This study aimed to investigate DBM extraction methods using different acids and times to maintain the optimum growth factors.Methods: This in vitro experimental laboratory study used a randomized controlled post-test-only group design. We characterized the IGF-1, BMP2, and TGF-β content of 1 gram of New Zealand White Rabbit cortical bone immersed in 0.6 M hydrochloric and 0.5 M acetic acid at 3, 6, and 9 days. We then analyzed the differences in growth factor levels in each acid and analyzed them statistically.Results: IGF-1 levels were higher in DBM demineralized acetic acid than hydrochloric acid. BMP-2 and TGF-β levels were higher in DBM demineralized using hydrochloric acid. The concentration of growth factors decreased with time in DBM demineralized using acetic acid. The highest growth factor level was obtained after six days of immersion in hydrochloric acid.Conclusion: The average value of IGF-1 in DBM demineralized with acetic acid was higher than in hydrochloric acid. Otherwise, BMP 2 and TGF-β were better in hydrochloric acid. We also found that the growth factor level in hydrochloric acid reached its peak level at six days and then decreased. These results suggest the importance of not over-demineralizing the bone to maintain growth factors, and further research should be conducted to improve DBM processing.
Cartilage is an avascular, alymphatic, and aneurysmal structure, so it is difficult to heal properly if an injury occurs. Using Chondrogenic Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell (AdMSC) secretome as an adjuvant is one of the therapeutic options to overcome the problem of injury to the cartilage. Storage and distribution problems must be solved if we use this method. This study aims to characterize the Freeze-dried chondrogenic AdMSC secretome. Secretome's physical, biochemistry, and microbiology stability are derived from the chondrogenic AdMSC secretome. This study’s design is prospective observational analytics research. Freeze-dried cartilage secretome AdMSC was analyzed for physical (organoleptic changes (shape, color, and odor), pH, biochemistry (TGF-β3), and microbiology (microbe contamination) stability. The difference was observed in 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Data normality and homogeneity were tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test and followed up with the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests to analyze the data further. Organoleptics change showed no color change until four weeks with no change of shape and smell until 12 weeks. No significant difference was found in porosity and pH change—TGF-β3, which has a role in chondrogenesis, has no considerable decrease until 12 weeks. No contamination was found until 12 weeks.
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