It must be remembered that severe side effects associated with anti-TB drugs were encountered with different frequencies especially among patients hospitalized for pulmonary tuberculosis, and these patients should be followed up by closer monitoring for side effects related to anti-TB drugs.

Background: We previously reported perfect specificity and low sensitivity of skin tests in proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-induced immediate hypersensitivity reactions in a prospective multicenter study. Here, in a retrospective study, we aimed to further evaluate the diagnostic workup procedures and characteristics of the patients with suspected PPI hypersensitivity. Methods: This national multicenter study was conducted as a retrospective chart review of patients with a history of PPI-induced immediate hypersensitivity reaction. A total of 60 patients were included. Results of diagnostic workup procedures (standardized skin-prick, intradermal, and oral-provocation tests with PPIs) and the characteristics of the patients were analyzed. Results: Lansoprazole was the most commonly suspected drug with 41 patients (68.3%), followed by pantoprazole in 12 patients (20.0%), esomeprazole in 6 (10.0%), rabeprazole in 4 (6.7%), and omeprazole in 1 (1.7%). Anaphylaxis (40 patients, 66.7%) was the most common clinical presentation followed by urticaria (17 patients, 28.3%). Diagnostic skin tests with the culprit PPI were positive in 13/26 patients (50.0%). Diagnostic oral-provocation tests were negative in 6/8 patients; 5 of these 6 patients had skin test results with the culprit PPI, and all were negative. Ten patients had at least 1 cross-reactivity. Extensive cross-reactivity (between >2 PPIs) was detected in 4 patients. Conclusions: Lansoprazole was the most frequently implicated drug and anaphylaxis was the most frequent manifestation of PPI-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Physicians should be aware of the possible cross-reactivity among PPIs; however, a safe, alternative PPI can usually be detected by a thorough drug allergy workup.

Considering the high specificity, skin testing seems to be a useful method for the diagnosis of immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions to PPIs and for the evaluation of cross-reactivity among PPIs. However, OPT should be performed in case of negativity on skin tests.

Adult patients are vulnerable to several triggers regardless from underlying severity of the illness. Insufficient compliance to the major preventive measures indicates that new strategies are needed to prevent asthma attacks caused by modifiable triggers.

Background:The restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic impact heavily the management of chronic diseases like asthma. This study aimed to evaluate the management of adults and children with asthma during COVID-19-related lockdown. Methods: A survey was launched by the European Academy of Allergy and ClinicalImmunology (EAACI) via e-mail, website, and social media to EAACI members and members of peer societies. Results:The survey was completed by 339 healthcare professionals from 52 countries. 79% of follow-up consultations were replaced by phone calls, whereas 49% of newly referred patients attended the clinic. 62%, 76%, 66%, 76%, and 87% of responders did not conduct spirometry, impulse oscillometry, bronchodilator test, FeNO, or methacholine provocation, respectively, for asthma diagnosis in adults. The numbers | 2777 EGUILUZ-GRACIA Et AL.

Background: Omalizumab has demonstrated therapeutic benefits both in controlled clinical trials and real-life studies. However, research concerning the long-term effects and tolerability of omalizumab is needed. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of treatment with omalizumab for up to 5 years. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, chart-based study was carried out to compare documented exacerbations, hospitalizations, systemic steroid requirement, FEV₁, and asthma control test (ACT) results during 1 year prior to omalizumab treatment versus at 1, 3, and 5 years of treatment. Adverse events and reasons for discontinuation were also recorded at each time point. Results: Four hundred and sixty-five patients were enrolled in the study. Outcome variables had improved after the 1st year and were sustained after the 3rd and 5th years of treatment with omalizumab. Omalizumab treatment reduced the asthma exacerbation rate by 71.3% (p < 0.001) at 1 year, 64.3% (p < 0.001) at 3 years, and 54.8% (p = 0.002) at 5 years. The hospitalization rate also decreased; by the 5th year of the treatment no patients were hospitalized. ACT results had also improved significantly: 12 (p < 0.001) at 1 year, 12 (p < 0.001) at 3 years, and 12 (p = 0.002) at 5 years. Overall, 12.7% of patients reported adverse events (most of these were mild-to-moderate) and the overall dropout rate was 9.0%. Conclusion: Omalizumab had a significant effect on asthma outcomes and this effect was maintained over 5 years. The drug was found to be generally safe and treatment compliance was good.

This cross-sectional survey showed that AERD is highly prevalent among adult asthmatics and its prevalence seems to be affected by family history of ASA hypersensitivity, history of rhinosinusitis and presence of NP.

This study, the first of its kind in Turkey, with medical students showed that self-reported hypersensitivity reactions to drugs is highly prevalent and its prevalence seems to be affected by awareness of the individuals in addition to previously reported risk factors. The education of both patients and physicians on the management of drug hypersensitivity seems to be necessary.