SummaryThis report presents the results of an evaluation of overwintering summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fallback and early out-migrating steelhead kelts downstream passage at The Dalles Dam (TDA) sluiceway and turbines during fall/winter 2008 and early spring 2009, respectively. The study was conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District (USACE). Operating the sluiceway reduces the potential for hydropower production. However, this surface flow outlet may be the optimal non-turbine route for fallbacks in late fall after the sluiceway is typically closed for juvenile fish passage and for overwintering summer steelhead and kelt passage in the early spring before the start of the voluntary spill season. The goal of this study was to characterize adult steelhead spatial and temporal distributions and passage rates at the sluiceway and turbines, and their movements in front of the sluiceway at TDA to inform fisheries managers' and engineers' decision-making relative to sluiceway operations.The study periods were from November 1 to December 15, 2008 (45 days) and from March 1 to April 9, 2009 (40 days). The study objectives were to 1) estimate the number and distribution of overwintering summer steelhead fallbacks and kelt-sized acoustic targets passing into the sluiceway and turbines at TDA during the two study periods, respectively, and 2) assess the behavior of these fish in front of sluice entrances. We obtained fish passage data using fixed-location hydroacoustics and fish behavior data using acoustic imaging.For the overwintering summer steelhead, fallback occurred throughout the 45-day study period. We estimated that a total of 1,790 ± 250 (95% confidence interval) summer steelhead targets passed through the powerhouse intakes and operating sluices during November 1 to December 15, 2008. Ninety-five percent of these fish passed through the sluiceway. Therefore, without the sluiceway as a route through the dam, a number of steelhead may have fallen back through turbines. Run timing peaked in late November, but fish continued to pass the dam until the end of the study. Horizontal distribution data indicated that Sluice 1, especially sluice entrance 1-3, is the preferred route for these fish during fallback through the dam. Diel distribution for overwintering steelhead fallbacks was variable with no apparent distinct patterns. Therefore, sluiceway operations should not be based on diel distribution.For the early spring study, overwintering summer steelhead and early out-migrating steelhead kelt downstream passage occurred throughout the 40-day study period. A total of 1,766 ± 277 (95% confidence interval) kelt-size targets were estimated to have passed through the powerhouse intakes and operating sluices. Ninety-five percent of these fish passed through the sluiceway. Therefore, as with steelhead fallback, not having the sluiceway as a route through the dam, a number of overwintering steelhead and kelts may use the turbines for downs...
SummaryThe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Portland District engaged the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to evaluate fish passage at The Dalles Dam in 2004. The goal of the study was to provide information on smolt passage at The Dalles Dam that will inform decisions on long-term measures and operations to enhance sluiceway and spill passage and reduce turbine passage in order to improve smolt survival at the dam. The study addressed two of the main programs dedicated to improving juvenile salmonid survival at The Dalles Dam: Spillway Improvements and Surface Flow Bypass.The study objectives (see below) were met using a combination of hydroacoustic and hydraulic data. The study incorporated fixed-location hydroacoustic methods across the entire project, with especially intense sampling at the sluiceway and spillway using multiple split-beam transducers at selected locations. At the sluiceway nearfield, we used an acoustic camera to track fish. The fish data were interpreted and integrated with hydraulic data from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and in-field acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements. Data were collected in the framework of an "experiment" to compare two sluiceway operations: West only (Sluice 1 [SL 1]) vs. West+East (SL 1 + SL 18). The 2004 study was divided into two periods: spring (April 19 to June 5) and summer (June 6 to July 17).During the study, daily outflow at TDA ranged from 124 to 289 kcfs. Mean daily outflow was 209 kcfs in spring and 189 kcfs in summer. Outflow peaked in early June. During the 2004 study, total project outflow was 76% of the 10-year average for spring and 77% of the 10-year average for summer. Daily powerhouse discharge averaged 122 kcfs in spring and 110 kcfs in summer. Spill for fish protection commenced on April 12. Daily spill flow during our study ranged from 49 to 119 kcfs, with a mean of 82 kcfs (39% of total) in spring and 74 kcfs (39% of total) in summer. Daily sluice flow ranged from about 3.0 to 4.6 kcfs, depending on experimental treatment and forebay elevation. In spring and summer, mean sluice discharge was 2.2% and 2.4% of total project discharge, respectively.Our study encompassed the majority of the migration period for yearling (stream-type) Chinook (Oncorhyncus tshawytscha), coho (O. kisutch), and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon as well as steelhead (O. mykiss) trout and subyearling (ocean-type) Chinook salmon. Passage of yearling fish peaked in mid-to late May. Passage of subyearling Chinook salmon, the most abundant salmonid fish migrating downstream through The Dalles Dam, peaked at the end of June. During the spring study period, species composition was: yearling Chinook salmon (60%); steelhead (16%); sockeye (11%); and coho (9%). During the summer study period, subyearling Chinook salmon comprised 89% of the outmigration.The findings, summarized by objective, were as follows:Estimate spill passage efficiency 1 and effectiveness, sluice passage efficiency and effectiveness, and fish passage efficiency on a seasonal and daily ...
This report should be cited as follows:Weiland, MA, GR Ploskey, JS Hughes, Z Deng, T Fu, J Kim, GE Johnson, GW Batten, ES Fischer, F Khan, SA Zimmerman, DM Faber, KM Carter, JW Boyd, RL Townsend, JR Skalski, TJ Monter, AW Cushing, MM Meyer. 2011. Acoustic Telemetry Evaluation of Juvenile Salmonid Passage and Survival Proportions at John Day Dam, 2009. PNNL-20766. Draft report submitted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, Oregon.iii PrefaceThe study reported herein was funded as part of the Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program, which is managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program study code is SPE-P-08-03: Studies of Surface Spill at John Day Dam. The study was led by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for the USACE Portland District. The USACE technical leads were Robert Wertheimer, Sean Tackley, and Brad Eppard. The PNNL study project manager was Mark Weiland (509 427-5923). The data are archived at PNNL offices in North Bonneville, Washington.v Executive SummaryImproving the survival rate of juvenile salmonids migrating downstream through the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) continues to be a high priority for the USACE and the region. Many of these fish are from populations listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Increasing survival rates is necessary to ensure sustainable salmon populations in the future and meet performance standards set forth in the 2008 Biological Opinion (BiOp) and 2008 Columbia Basin Fish Accords on operation of the FCRPS. The BiOp mandates that a 96% and 93% survival rate be achieved for spring and summer downstream migrating juvenile salmonids, respectively. At John Day Dam (JDA), the Portland District is evaluating the provision of surface-flow outlets (SFOs) as a means to increase fish-passage efficiency and in turn increase the fish-passage survival rate by reducing turbine passage of juvenile salmonids. The goal of the study reported here was to provide fish-passage and survival data necessary to evaluate the performance of the prototype SFO, called a top-spill weir (TSW), and the dam as a whole relative to the performance standards in the BiOp. The Portland District and regional fisheries managers will use the data to adaptively manage the configuration and operation of JDA to maximize the survival rate for juvenile salmonids. This is the report of research for the acoustic telemetry evaluation of juvenile salmonids during 2009 at JDA. The study was conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the University of Washington for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Portland District. S.1 ObjectivesThe overall purpose of the acoustic-telemetry study at JDA during 2009 was to determine the best configuration and operation for JDA prior to conducting BiOp performance standard tests. The primary objective was to determine the best operation between 30% and 40% spill treatments. Route-specific, J...
Executive SummaryDuring 2007, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) contracted Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to evaluate smolt responses to hydrodynamic conditions at surface flow outlets at McNary and The Dalles dams. This study provides information about juvenile salmonid behaviors at the two dams that USACE, fisheries resource managers, and others can use to support decisions about longterm measures to enhance fish passage. The goal of the study was to use fish behavioral responses to ambient flow fields to support general design guidelines for hydraulic conditions that readily pass juvenile salmon at surface flow outlets (SFOs). The study is also applicable to bioengineering for juvenile salmonid passage at irrigation diversions, tide gates, and culverts. We integrated data about smolt movements and hydrodynamic conditions at SFOs at McNary and The Dalles dams during 2007 to address the following questions: Which hydraulic variables are most strongly associated with fish behavioral responses? Of these, are there threshold levels that could be used to support SFO design guidelines? The Dalles Dam -Apply new empirical data from simultaneous remote sensing techniques and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling in the nearfield of the sluiceway to accomplish the following:: Objectives1. Characterize fish behavior and water velocity patterns.2. Examine descriptive and statistical associations between juvenile salmonid movements and hydrodynamic conditions immediately upstream of the SFO entrances.3. Address guidelines for hydraulic parameters of the flow net upstream of the SFO that would be conducive to juvenile salmonids passing into the SFO entrance. MethodsIn the field, we collected simultaneous data from an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and a dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON). The ADCP and DIDSON acoustic beams were oriented to sample overlapping water volumes. At McNary Dam, the equipment was deployed upstream of the TSW at Bay 19. At The Dalles Dam, the instruments were deployed upstream off the face of the dam to sample in the nearfield (< 20 m) of Sluices 1-1 and 1-2 during six 4-day sampling episodes. The main drawback of the ADCP, however, is that the size of its sample volume can be large (meters) relative to the size of the fish (centimeters); this factor increases as range increases. Therefore, we supplemented the study at The Dalles with CFD modeling for a scenario with consistent dam operations in the vicinity Smolt Responses to Hydrodynamics, 2007 Final Report iv (Main Units 1 through 4) of the DIDSON sample volume. The CFD modeling allowed for capture of fine-scale spatial resolution, but it was steady-state temporally. We merged the water and fish data sets to calculate the fish effort variables (Figure ES.1) that are elemental to this study. Comparison of the ADCP and CFD results revealed an apparent problem with our application of the ADCP. The instrument was functioning properly, but the assumption that water currents were sufficiently homogen...
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