We report for the first time that cultured lens epithelial cell layers and rabbit lenses in vitro transport fluid. Layers of the αTN4 mouse cell line and bovine cell cultures were grown to confluence on permeable membrane inserts. Fluid movement across cultured layers and excised rabbit lenses was determined by volume clamp (37°C). Cultured layers transported fluid from their basal to their apical sides against a pressure head of 3 cmH2O. Rates were (in μl ⋅ h−1 ⋅ cm−2) 3.3 ± 0.3 for αTN4 cells ( n = 27) and 4.7 ± 1.0 for bovine layers ( n = 6). Quinidine, a blocker of K+ channels, and p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate and HgCl2, inhibitors of aquaporins, inhibited fluid transport. Rabbit lenses transported fluid from their anterior to their posterior sides against a 2.5-cmH2O pressure head at 10.3 ± 0.62 μl ⋅ h−1 ⋅ lens−1( n = 5) and along the same pressure head at 12.5 ± 1.1 μl ⋅ h−1 ⋅ lens−1( n = 6). We calculate that this flow could wash the lens extracellular space by convection about once every 2 h and therefore might contribute to lens homeostasis and transparency.

CorrespondenceFengying Kang, Resident standardized training central, The First Abstract Aim: This paper explored the general phenomenon and psychological experience of the special background communication in night shift medical staff and provides better reference for night shift communication between doctors and nurses.Background: Physician-nurse communication has always been an important agenda for health care work and an important concept in nursing theory. During night shifts, effective doctor and nurse communication can enhance mutual trust, provide timely and appropriate medical services to patients, reduce adverse events and enhance patient safety.Design: A qualitative study was conducted. Methods:Husserl's descriptive phenomenology method and semi-structured indepth interviews were used to collect data from 8 nurses and 5 doctors. Colaizzi's method was used to analyse data using MAXQDA 12. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was followed (see Appendix S1). Results: Three themes were extracted after sorting out and refining: the need to achieve goals in night-time physician-nurse communication; obstacles in night-time physician-nurse communication; and relationship culture in night-time physiciannurse communication. Conclusion: Attention should be paid to the particularity of night shift and efficiency of achieving the goal of communication between doctors and nurses on night shift, and the hidden obstacles behind communication between doctors and nurses. Managers should pay attention to the cultural construction of night shift communication in the system, form a good night shift communication process and regularly train doctors' and nurses' related communication skills. And they should also study relationship culture rationally to improve the communication efficiency of night shift. Implications for nursing management: The experiences described in this study contribute to a better understanding of obstacles hidden behind night shift physician-nurse communication. This also provides valuable information to professional managers who develop good doctor-nurse relationship culture. K E Y W O R D S communication, night shift, phenomenology, physician-nurse, qualitative study Night shift physician-nurse communication has the characteristics of special time and complicated patient situation. It should emphasize the efficiency of the ultimate goal, target patients' safety and solve their problems timely and appropriately. Foreign literature reports (Young et al., 2012) that the introduction of new night nurses and physician paging systems to reduce the number of non-emergency scenarios could further improve the night communication performance of nurses and doctors as well as ensure patient safety. The study found that the communication process (pre-judgment-handling-communication-solution), communication timing (finding timing, reducing non-emergency calls and focusing on problem-focused reporting) and communication content (doctor-related, disease changes and special sit...

The elevated and everted margins of macular holes represent slope, step, and gap-like obstacles to the migration of glial cells and hence to the healing of defects. The defect allows extension of extracellular matrix into it and the subretinal space. Our results indicate that gaps in the migratory surface caused and aggravated by eversion and the presence of vitreous present obstacles to glial migration and closure of macular holes.

This study aimed to analyze the moderation and moderation effects of resilience on the anxiety, depression impact on post-traumatic growth (PTG) among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy based on structural equation modeling, and confirmed whether resilience was a mediating and regulating variable between anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic growth. In addition, whether anxiety and depression have different effects on PTG under different levels of psychological resilience. This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to January 2019, with subjects of 260 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in the department of breast and general surgery of a tertiary general hospital in Shanxi Province of China. Data were collected according to the General Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the posttraumatic growth inventory. Estimated values of model path coefficients and significance test were performed to confirm the mediation effect. Hierarchical regression and simple slope test were used to analyze the regulation effect. Resilience showed significant correlations with anxiety, depression and PTG (all P < .01). Estimated values of model path coefficients and significance test results indicated that the mediating role of resilience was remarkable and it could regulate anxiety, depression, and PTG. The anxiety, depression and resilience affected their PTG of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy, suggesting the need to establish a cooperative mechanism based on the concept of multidisciplinary collaboration. Professional psychological intervention should be used to reduce anxiety and depression and to explore the potential of resilience to promote their PTG.

The water channel protein aquaporin-1 (AQP1) has two asparagine-proline-alanine (NPA) repeats on loops B and E. From recent structural information, these loops are on opposite sides of the membrane and meet to form a pore. We replaced the mercury-sensitive residue cysteine 189 in AQP1 by serine to obtain a mercury-insensitive template (C189S). Subsequently, we substituted three consecutive cysteines for residues 71-73 near the first NPA repeat (76-78) in intracellular loop B, and investigated whether they were accessible to extracellular mercurials. AQP1 and its mutants were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and the osmotic permeability (P f ) of the oocytes was determined. C189S had wild-type P f but was not sensitive to HgCl 2 . Expression of all three C189S cysteine mutants resulted in increased P f , and all three mutants regained mercurial sensitivity. These results, especially the inhibitions by the large mercurial p-chloromercunbenzene-sulfonic acid (pCMBS) (∼6Å wide), suggest that residues 71-73 at the pore are accessible to extracellular mercurials. A 30-ps molecular dynamics simulation (at 300 K) starting with crystallographic coordinates of AQP1 showed that the width of the pore bottleneck (between Connolly surfaces) can vary (w avg ‫ס‬ 3.9 Å, ‫ס‬ 0.75; hydrated AQP1). Thus, although the pore width would be Ն 6 Å only for 0.0026 of the time, this might suffice for pCMBS to reach residues 71-73. Alternative explanations such as passage of pCMBS across the AQP1 tetramer center or other unspecified transmembrane pathways cannot be excluded.