Nanomaterials are commonly utilized for amplified immunoassay of biomarkers. However, traditional nanomaterialbased immunoassay usually requires a time-consuming and laborintensive nanoparticle modification and conjugation process, which impedes their practical applications. Here, a new immunoassay method based on biosynthesized nanomaterials is developed with versatile functions for facile and ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarker. In this method, the utilized biosynthesized quantum dots (BQDs) allow convenient antibody conjugation and electrode modification, and demonstrate excellent electrochemical and electrochemiluminescent responses. The differential pulse voltammetric, faradaic impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemiluminescent measurements with the BQD-modified electrode show detection limits at picomolar levels as well as good specificity toward human prostate-specific antigen detection. The inherent recognization capability as well as the inherent electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence features thus enable BQDs as good candidates for facile immunosensors with high sensitivity. Such a biosynthesized nanomaterial-based approach opens up the possibility of using innovative designs for nanoparticle-based assays, and developing reliable and practical methods for early disease diagnosis.
Effective
adjuvants that enhance immune responses have great potential for vaccine
development and disease prevention. A major challenge is the effective
delivery of vaccine component to specific cellular populations in
lymph nodes to boost immune response. Here, immunostimulatory DNA
nanogel is designed and self-assembled with applicable size for effective
lymphatic drainage and high vaccine efficacy. The efficient lymph
node accumulation, enhanced dendritic cell internalization, and sustained
immune stimulus of such adjuvant formulation enable potent immune
activation in vitro and in vivo. Vaccination with the DNA nanogel
adjuvanted OVA inhibits tumor growth and amplifies the efficacy of
immunotherapy. These data indicate that programming DNA nanomaterials
provides an applicable strategy for adjuvant and vaccine development.
DNA nanotechnology may offer promising nanoplatforms for innovative
combination immunotherapies and more therapeutic strategies.
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