Long‐term ocean monitoring and sensing remain a great challenge for the lack of sustainable power sources. Herein, a coaxial hybrid energy harvester (CH‐EH) consisting of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and electromagnetic generators (EMGs) is fabricated to charge lithium (Li)‐ion batteries through in situ water wave energy harvesting, enabling sustainable power supply. Triggered by mechanical motions, the TENGs and EMGs (connected in parallel) of CH‐EH move in the same phase at the same frequency through a shared‐bearing swing arm and generate high‐voltage, high‐current outputs after being rectified separately. At a wave frequency of 0.8 Hz and a wave height of 20 cm, the peak voltage and current are 194.09 V and 2.593 mA, respectively. After charging a 13.2 mF capacitor for approximately 7.5 min, the CH‐EH array successfully drives a thermometer with a Bluetooth module. Moreover, after charging a 22 mF capacitor for 33 min, the CH‐EH array successfully drives a radio‐frequency module to realize wireless transmission. Furthermore, a 35 mAh lithium battery is successfully charged by the designed circuit, and the fully charged lithium battery continuously powers a thermohygrometer for 13 h. Hence, the as‐designed CH‐EH has broad application prospects in long‐term ocean sensing and monitoring.
The annealing effects on Pb0.97La0.03Sc0.45Ta0.45Ti0.1O3 (PLSTT) ceramics prepared by the solid-state reaction method are systemically investigated using experimental and theoretical techniques. Comprehensive studies are performed on the PLSTT samples by varying annealing time (AT) from t (=0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60) h. The properties involving ferroelectric polarization (FP), electrocaloric (EC) effect, energy harvesting performance (EHP) and energy storage performance (ESP) are reported, compared and contrasted. All these features are seen to gradually improve with the increase in AT, and they all reach the climaxed-shaped values and then decrease by further increasing the AT. For t = 40 h, the maximum FP (23.2 µC/cm2) is attained at an electric field of 50 kV/cm, while the high EHP effects (0.297 J/cm3) and positive EC are achieved (for ΔT~0.92 K and ΔS~0.92 J/(K·kg)) at 45 kV/cm. The EHP value of the PLSTT ceramics increased by 21.7% while the polarization value was enhanced by 33.3%. At t = 30 h, the ceramics have attained the best ESP value of 0.468 J/cm3 with an energy loss of 0.05 J/cm3. We strongly believe that the AT plays a crucial role in the optimization of different traits of the PLSTT ceramics.
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