Recently, the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) was reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of several cancers, including human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular basis for cancer initiation, development, and progression remains unclear. In this study, we observe that upregulated PVT1 is associated with poor prognosis and bad clinicopathological features of CRC patients. In vitro means of PVT1 loss in a CRC cell line inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays indicated that PVT1 binds to miR-16-5p, which has been shown to play strong tumor suppressive roles in CRC. Targeted loss of miR-16-5p partially rescues the suppressive effect induced by PVT1 knockdown. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), a direct downstream target of miR-16-5p, was suppressed by PVT1 knockdown in CRC cells. Overexpression of VEGFA is known to modulate the AKT signaling cascade by activating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1). We, therefore, show that PVT1 loss combined with miR-16-5p overexpression reduces tumor volume maximally when propagated within a mouse xenograft model. We conclude that the PVT1-miR-16-5p/VEGFA/VEGFR1/AKT axis directly coordinates the response in CRC pathogenesis and suggest PVT1 as a novel target for potential CRC therapy.

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In the present study, five classes of synthetic dyes -nitrophenol (picric acid), azo (Orange II), diarylmethane (auramine O), triarylmethine (fuchsine, methyl violet, and malachite green), and anthraquinone (alizarin) dyes -were identified in late-nineteenth-century textiles from the China National Silk Museum by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry. Data-dependent acquisition of tandem mass spectra provided some information not only on the molecular mass but also on the fragment ions obtained from precursor ions. These fragmentation patterns, obtained in a single experiment, proved to be useful for identification of the synthetic dyes extracted from the textile samples. In addition, it is worth noting that two anthraquinones, which are probably anthrapurpurin and flavopurpurin, and which were detected in printed cotton, can be used as the markers for distinguishing synthetic alizarin from natural alizarin.

Microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) was utilized to extract tea saponin from oil‐tea camellia seed cake. The factors influencing the extraction efficiency were studied, including the effects of microwave power, irradiation duration, temperature, ratio of solvent to material and aqueous ethanol concentration. By systematic orthogonal experiments, the optimal extraction technology was determined. Compared with a conventional extraction method, MAE shows great advantages with the extraction time reduced from 6 h to 4 min, 50 % organic solvent saved and about 14 % extraction yield enhanced. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy testing and high performance liquid chromatography analysis proved that the extracted resultants were tea saponin with similar compounds as a standard tea saponin. The extracted tea saponin was applied on the cleaning of historic silks and showed good removal effect on the stains. This work provides useful information for fully use of oil‐tea camellia seed cake and new applications of tea saponin at the protection of historic textiles.