We found that slpD specifically impaired 1-h memory in Drosophila, and either silencing of MB transmission during slpD or down-regulation of the cAMP level in the MB protected the flies from slpD-induced impairment.

Despite the numerous reports on the topic, examples of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene-based anticorrosive coatings able to provide long-term protection (i.e., several months) of metals are still unavailable. Here, we finally present a polymer-graphene hybrid coating, comprising two single layers of CVD graphene sandwiched by three layers of polyvinyl butyral, that provides complete corrosion protection to commercial aluminum alloys even after 120 days of exposure to simulated seawater. The essential role played by graphene in the hybrid coating is evident when we compare the results from a polymer-only coating of the same thickness, which fails in protecting the metal after barely 30 days. With the emergence of commercially available large-area CVD graphene, our work demonstrates a straightforward approach towards highperformance anticorrosive coatings, which can be extended to other two-dimensional materials and polymers, for long-term protection of various relevant metals and alloys.

One-dimensional channel materials as formed by some zeolites and mesoporous silicas are attractive hosts for the preparation and investigation of hierarchically organized inorganic-organic hybrid materials, presenting a successive ordering from the molecular up to the macroscopic scale. [1][2][3][4] We have been using zeolite L (ZL) as a host in most of our experiments. ZL crystals feature strictly parallel channels arranged in a hexagonal symmetry. The size and aspect ratio of the colorless crystallites can be tuned over a wide range. Their one-dimensional channels can be filled with suitable guests. Geometrical constraints imposed by the host structure lead to supramolecular organization of the guests in the channels. The supramolecular organization of dyes inside the ZL channels is the first stage of organization. It allows light harvesting within the volume of a dye-loaded ZL crystal and also allows radiationless energy transport to either the cylinder ends or to the center of the channel. One-dimensional excitation-energy transport has been observed in these guest-host materials.[5] The second stage of organization is the coupling of an external acceptor or donor stopcock fluorophore to the ends of the ZL channels, which can then trap or inject electronic excitation energy. The third stage of organization is achieved by interfacing the material to an external device through a stopcock intermediate. [1,3]

Mushroom bodies (MBs), one of the central brain structures in Drosophila melanogaster, are involved in several cognitive behaviors, such as olfactory learning and memory, visual context generalization, choice behavior facing conflicting cues. Attention is a cognitive behavior, and it facilitates a focus on the attended event while filtering out irrelevant events, thereby allowing more rapid and accurate reactions at a lower threshold in primates. Using the visual orientation paradigm in a flight simulator, we observed that MBs modulate salience-based selective fixation behavior, which resembles attention in primates to a certain degree. We found that the fixation ability of MB-deficient flies was significantly reduced when the contrast levels were lowered as well as when a certain amount of background noise was applied. Moreover, MB-deficient flies exhibited poor object fixation ability in the presence of an olfactory 'distracter'. Furthermore, during visual selection among multiple objects of different contrast, flies with MBs were able to 'pop-out' of the most salient object in a three-object selection paradigm. Finally, we determined that flies exhibited cross-modal synergistic integration between olfactory and visual signals during object-fixation behavior, which was independent of MBs. Taken together, our findings suggest that MBs do not contribute to cross-modal synergetic integration between olfactory and visual signals; instead, they confer sensory gain control and inhibitory gating in flies, this property allows entry of the salient signal as well as filters out background noise and irrelevant signals.